build circuit to generate audio frequency

28/02/2021

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And this is how a function generator circuit can be built with an LM324 op amp chip. PWM Pulse Frequency Generator, DC 3.3V-30V 5-30mA 1-Channel 1Hz-150kHz Adjustable Output Signal Generator Duty Cycle Square Wave Function Signal Generator Module 4.5 out of 5 stars 28 $14.99 $ 14 . I realized that the piezo transducer i got was", "Author's Note: The hardware configuration diagram does not display correctly here due to some", "@neumaier: Almost done, but I need to work a little harder with the idea. The circuit is designed to produce frequencies above 100 Hz only and hence the values of the other components which affect the frequency are selected accordingly. The frequency can be inputted through input devices like the mouse and keyboard.and levels can be controlled as well. The only required input argument is the ar… If it can modulate the frequency amplitude or frequency makes it non replaceable tool for RF design works. Identify pin 1 of your chip. Note: Most of the component values in this circuit aren’t critical. The audio generator operates in the the range of exactly 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Thanks, sir i need the full detail presentation of this audio frequency generator…. just a "twist of the wrist." In this tutorial we learn how quickly and easily we can build our own Arduino based Function generator or Waveform generator, which can produce square wave (5V/0V) with frequency ranging from 1Hz to 2MHz, the frequency of the wave can be controlled by a knob and the duty cycle is hardcoded to 50% but it is easy to change that in the program as well. … All Rights Reserved. We keep your data private and never share your data with any third parties. Did you have the chance to try your ideas regarding the micro", "@Amorawala: Thanks! Use of LDR makes us easier to understand that the sound frequency varies according to the resistance variation in LDR. What it does include is a VCG (Voltage controlled Generator) input, which essentially is just a VCO and it can be used in conjunction with an external sweep generator to generate frequency sweeps. If you are looking for a DIY project linked to hypnosis or optical illusions, this simple. Required fields are marked *, Subscribe me to email newsletter (for Posts). The most important feature of this new current-amplified resonant circuit is its ability to boost current by a factor of 2 for free in order to generate a high-frequency magnetic field. The signal pattern of this circuit is same to a chirp of a bird. The audio frequency of the circuit can be changed to wide ranges by varying the values of any of the resistance R1, R2 or the capacitance C1. I have already submitted a simple SSR project that will be published by my", "Hello Hareendran. Let's make resistor R1 100k and resistor R2 113.3K and the capacitor 0.01uf. For example humans are able to hear frequencies between 50 Hz and 20000 kHz comfortably. 2. how can i gave it pulse input? You may listen to this signal with the audio detector connected with one test probe to ground and the other to one of the transistor’s collector terminals. Now that you’ve seen the bare minimum of what it takes to make an audio amplifier with the LM386, lets build a higher fidelity version with an adjustable gain control. The AC power detector is a very useful circuit. A frequency generator is a very handy device in electronic design, development, testing and trouble shooting. Or, My next project is to build an entry-level brainwave decoder using an inexpensive microcontroller. Sir i need the full detail presentation of this audio frequency generator. The ancient Greeks and Romans harnessed steam for health and beauty much the same way we do today. To play a constant tone, click Play or press Space. Instantly it says the exact frequency the dial is tuned too. It features sine, triangle and square wave outputs. The positive time interval will be about 1.47 milliseconds, the negative time interval will be about .785 milliseconds and the frequency will be about 440Hz. Square Wave and Filter. This ‘Pleasant’ Code Practice Oscillator produces a smooth-sounding sign-wave at your favorite frequency, and during keying is turned on and off with smooth transitions which eliminates ‘key clicks’. How to Make FM Radio Circuit. Here, you can see that the logic of a blinker has been used to make a sound generator. Whenever a positive pulse is applied to the input of the circuit, then a modulated audio frequency signal comes out as an output. The voltage supply is between 9 volts and 20 volts. if you have any send me on this male address, Amir bhai if you have full detailed description then send me. Hello, thanks for this great website. An Infrared close object sensor installed on an industrial vehicle detects objects or pedestrians located in a hazardous, This post is an introduction to RemoteXY (http://remotexy.com/en). This can be done simply by replacing C1 with any other capacitor having value in between 0.02 and 0.1 uF. We can make a simple toy organ using the logic of sound generator. With a 12 volt supply, 100 kΩ resistors, and 0.1 µF capacitors, the oscillation frequency will be in the low audio range. The pulse width of the trigger signal must be a minimum of 2.5 miliseconds. Your email address will not be published. In this circuit, with the values listed, will build a sine wave generator that produces a frequency of about 1KHz. The circuit below uses a 555 timer chip, a capacitor, and some resistors to generate a variable frequency, variable pulse width square wave. But you can download a copy of the decoded data sent by a reader from here", "Hello T.K, I’m building the “toy organ” circuit, but looking at how the astable is designed, I have to ask, wouldn’t it always make a background sound even if no button is pressed? Hearing becomes obscure once the frequency shifts away from the above range. Radioshack sells a digital voltage meter which has a setting for frequencies. Now I'm experimenting with another little module ". This tutorial shows how to build a frequency generator out of parts found at your local Radioshack. With a few mouse clicks you can easily purchase Solid State Relays (SSRs) online. As we press different keys (Push to ON switch), the resistance between pin 6 and pin 7 varies and that produces sound of different frequencies. The following photo shows how I clipped my Tektronix scope probe to the audio connector. This could be used for FM generation or to create a close loop feedback where the frequency generated is turned into a voltage which in turn controls the VCO. "@adv57: Not yet! This circuit is capable of producing the loud sound which is better than commercial radios. This audio frequency generator is a triggered signal generator. This page shows you how to make a super simple square wave signal generator. You can adjust the frequency to any required frequency of FM station. Well, look no further, because the au- dio-frequency generator … An interesting way to produce a sine wave is to select it with a filter. To help you with that, Circuit Digest provides you with a list of popular Electronic circuits and Electronic projects with well illustrated circuit diagram and detailed explanation for a complete do-it-yourself experience. Copyright © 2007 - 2020 BuildCircuit. 1 Transistor FM Transmitter DIY Learning Kit, 3 Digit Digital Object Counter ASSEMBLED Kit With Infrared Transmitter And Laser Module, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Arduino- Make Your Own Arduino, TSA6015 - Bluetooth Audio Receiver with Microphone Input (Phone call), Infrared based music transmitter and receiver DIY Kit, AudioB Plus Bluetooth Audio Receiver Module(Apt-X) - SMA, 4 In 1 DIY Kit- Dark Sensor, Clap Switch, Latch Switch And Astable Multivibrator, 2 x 100W + 200W 2.1 Channels Bluetooth Audio Amplifier Board - TSA7500B(Apt-X). If Rx is zero the output frequency about 4,500 Hz and when Rx is the infinite value, the output frequency will be about 2 Hz. The crystal mechanically vibrates as a resonator, and its frequency of vibration determines the oscillation frequency.Crystals have a very high Q-factor and also better temperature stability than tuned circuits, so crystal oscillators have much better frequency stability than LC or RC oscillators. An audio amplifier can be built using several discrete transistors cascaded to increase the amplification gain of the circuit to hear the Pi Zero WH’s computer-generated tones. as i would like to connect similar car", "@fideloub: The most common transducer we can see in ultrasonic mist maker hobby kits is the", "Hello again and thank you so much for your help. The oscillator is left running constant to reduce ‘chirping’. We know that sound is nothing but oscillations generated in the air. Visit Very useful feature of the RF Signal generator is its modulation capability. The function generator is pretty solid for all basic purposes, such as home … It is used to tune a resonant circuits and adjust the gain of different RF stages. This audio frequency generator is a triggered signal generator. But how to compare various resistors, will easier calculation. The sound generator is based on astable mode of operation. You can generate Sine wave, triangle wave and square wave with this IC. When a positive pulse of about 6 volts (minimum) is fed to the circuits input , a modulated audio signal comes out of the output. Audio Frequency Generator. Some posts are released under creative commons license. If you have then please send me on my mail address. When the value of R2 is at its maximum i.e 100000 ohms, the design requires frequency above 100 … Build Your Own Tone Generator 1 prepare the 555 timer chip. Remote XY lets you create graphical interfaces for smartphones, A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a, This alarm allows a distressed person to raise an alert from within a toilet in the event of. please reply quicker because i have to submitt it tommorrow. The frequencies that may be audible to different beings are different. i have made this audio frquency generator in my minor project 1. will it required 3v to conduct? To change the wave type from a sine wave (pure tone) to a square/triangle/sawtooth wave, click thebutton. The circuit will generate the audio to the buzzer emit by a frequency that we calculate above. As we press different keys (Push to ON switch), the resistance between pin 6 and pin 7 varies and that produces sound of different frequencies. Therefore, you can have a signal generator whose frequency can be controlled by an external circuit (more specifically, an external voltage). It cost me about $50. The … The command that we’ll be using to generate analog waveforms is called sound(). However frequencies bel… The term ‘dead bug’ refers to the way that the finished circuit resembles a dead insect. Instead, all we need is a transistor and resistors and capacitors. By creating disturbance in the air at certain frequencies we are able to create an audible noise. Copy the circuit drawing above and you can have both. I did a teardown of a BK Precision 4011 5MHz function generator a few weeks ago. The signal pattern is similar to a bird’s chirp. If you're powering the circuit through batteries, then you'll need add the number of batteries you would need to get the maximum voltage you want and then you add a small-valued potentiometer, such as 200Ω-500Ω, to allow for voltage adjustment. This circuit is built around the IC 8038 with the very minimum external components and is capable of producing the signals of frequency up-to 300KHz. To change the frequency, drag the slider or press ← → (arrow keys).To adjust the frequency by 1 Hz, use the buttons or press Shift + ← and Shift + →.To adjust the frequency by 0.01 Hz, press Ctrl + ← and Ctrl + →;to adjust it by 0.001 Hz, press Ctrl + Shift + ← and Ctrl + Shift+ →To halve/double the frequency (go down/up one octave), click×½ and ×2. 440Hz is A4 on your piano and is a standard tuning frequency … By correctly joining the four gates of the IC as shown above, configures a multivibrator square wave generator having a fundamental frequency within the full audio range. Learn how your comment data is processed. The circuit can also be tweaked to generate sound within the human listening range. The only hardware you need is an audio cable with male connectors on both ends. Like most of basic function generators in old days, BK 4011 does not offer frequency sweep as an option. It works great. Circuit given below is configured on astable mode of operation. When a positive pulse of about 6 volts (minimum) Sawtooth Generator Circuit with 741 IC Received by Email - 09/22/2009. If the circuit is apllied as a morse code signal generator, replace C1 with a 0.1 μF capacitor. To build one, with this circuit, you don't even need a chip. The logic of sound generator using 555 can be used to make a simple toy organ. Check this checkbox to get notifications of followup comments via e-mail. So watch out for a future", "Thank you very much for this post. Your email address will not be published. Due to the fact that the the output waveform from this circuit produces extremely short ON/OFF periods, the harmonics generated range in the high frequency UHF band. How to make a Frequency Generator If DC is allowed to reach the input, it will get amplified along with the audio signal and create noise. However, a less complex and more efficient solution to hearing audio signals is to use a LM386 power amplifier IC. Audio Frequency Generator Software are software which uses the sound card of the PC to generate audio frequencies. All contents are Copyright © 2021 by AspenCore, Inc. All Rights Reserved. These frequencies range from 100 to 15000 Hz. You can also subscribe without commenting. In this article, you will learn how to make an FM radio circuit easily at home. Bluetooth Audio Receiver/Transmitter modules, https://www.buildcircuit.com/diy-kit-65-ne555-based-sound-generator-diy-kit-with-a-photoresistor/, DIY KIT 65- NE555 based sound generator DIY kit with a photoresistor, FREE 555 timer simulators for electronics beginners, Combine two dark sensors and make an easy clap switch, Light activated police siren using 555 timer and light dependent resistor(LDR), Digital Object Counter using LDR and digital IC, 10 Tips to choose a Prototype PCB Assembly Manufacturer, CONTACTLESS AUTOMATIC WARDROBE LED LIGHT WITH FADE EFFECT, Video- LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator Tutorial, SensorGraph using android, amarino and arduino, Multi color Lamp using Amarino, Android and Arduino. I decided a simple, In this post, we are going to look at some ways to convert the output of a current. did you have the time to finish your project? frequency generators. Do yo have a circuit for a very", "fideloub: Thank you for your comment. When a positive pulse of about 6 volts (minimum) is fed to the circuits input , a modulated audio signal comes out of the output. However by varying the resistors or capacitors, the frequency can be modified to a higher or lesser level. This is the photograph of a common, cheap eBay module called a “220V AC Mains Sensor”. Here, you can see that the logic of a blinker has been used to make a sound generator. You can read more about the project on this page: https://www.buildcircuit.com/diy-kit-65-ne555-based-sound-generator-diy-kit-with-a-photoresistor/ The pulse width of the trigger signal must be a minimum of 2.5 miliseconds. The RF signal generator is a must to have tool when playing with radio receivers. Search Electronics Kits And Modules Available In Our Store. If you don’t have a particular value, try … Use of LDR makes us easier to understand that the sound frequency varies according to the resistance variation in LDR. One side plugs into the computer’s headphone port, and the other side delivers the signal to the relevant circuitry (or to an oscilloscope). In place of a fixed resistance, LDR has been kept for getting variable resistance for the 555 timer to work in astable mode. In a crystal oscillator circuit the filter is a piezoelectric crystal (commonly a quartz crystal). The audio frequency generator is a one kind of frequency generator and it is an activated signal generator. Electronic is fun to learn, especially if you can learn it by building your own circuits. Pretty simple construction and nice detail on the enclosure with a nice array of dip switches. Privacy Policy for more information. DIY Signal Generator Files This FM radio circuit is highly efficient with a clear audio output. The key to identifying the pins is finding pin 1, which is to... 2 mount the 555 timer chip to the circuit board. Audio Frequency Generator Circuit Received by Email - 09/27/2009. I show the complete circuit schematic broken into two parts: Part 1 – 3-Transistor Audio Amplifier Orient the chip on the circuit board, making sure that pin 1 is... 3 wire up the circuit. All I do is connect the output from the generator to the meter’s input wires. to "sweep" the entire audio range with Herek ah audio-frequency generator with a digital frequency- readout that is easy to build, align, and use, yet is precise enough for servicing today 9 sophisticated audio equipment. You can mi… C1 also forms a resistor-capacitor (RC) high pass filter with R2 that defines the low end of the amplifier’s bandwidth: A filter’s cutoff frequency (F c) is the frequency at which the filter starts to work. To calculate the resultant frequency from the values of R1, R2, C1, The frequency, f = 1 / (0.69* (R1 + 2*R2)*C) For frequent tuning, it’s better to replace the resistance R2 with a potentiometer. As we press different switches, the output frequency of the circuit varies and it produces sounds of different frequencies. This audio frequency generator is a triggered signal generator. TOY ORGAN. Now, as the resistance increases or decreases in accordance to the light falling on LDR, we hear sound of different frequencies. There are frequency generators which can generate the required waveform like sine wave, saw tooth wave etc. It is such a kind of device which can generate the required frequencies which can be then applied directly to the target device for testing it. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Using an uninterrupted sound frequency to repel or attract insects may actually be possible in real life. Insect Repeller using IC 555. The signal pattern is similar to a bird’s chirp. The RC oscillator is used and the output frequency is given 1 divided by 2*pi*R*C. Therefore by varying R and C values we can vary the output frequency of the Signal generator. I have built a DIY kit using this schematic. Project Files. The circuit consumes about 2 mA or less.

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g) No unauthorised removal of the hire item(s) shall take place by the hirer or a 3rd party contractor without the prior consent of the provider. The hirer will be debited all reasonable costs incurred in returning the hire item(s), or in cases where the hire item(s) is deemed lost or stolen the hirer will reimburse the Provider in full. Please note that many insurance policies will not cover theft of hire item(s).

17. Notwithstanding the terms of condition 15 it shall be the Hirer’s duty to notify the Provider of, and the Provider’s responsibility to ensure compliance with, any condition imposed by a highway authority relating to the marking of the hire item(s) with reflective paint.

18. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing the Hirer shall fill the hire item(s) within the period of hire as specified by the Provider and shall inform Skipandwaste.com in good time of its readiness for collection or replacement. The Hirer shall ensure that, from the time when collection of the hire item(s) is due to take place until the same is collected, there is left a clear space at one end of the container to terminate the hiring of the hire item(s) the minimum notice period shall be one clear working day.

19. The Provider may arrange the removal or repositioning of the hire item(s) if required at any time to do so by a highway authority or constable in uniform under Section 140 of the Highway Act 1980. The Hirer shall be responsible for the reasonable additional cost thereof on the part of the Provider or Supplier.

20. It is the responsibility of the hirer’s representative on site to keep the hirer’s copy of the ‘Proof of
Delivery’ ticket. Any copies required at a later date will be subject to a £30 administration charge.

21. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing, the Provider agrees to dispose of the contents of the hire item(s) as shall be in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Hirer agrees that they will pay the Provider’s reasonable charges of dealing with any of the contents of any hire item(s) which do not comply with the terms of this contract.

22. Risk and Title: The risk in relation to any hire item(s) supplied pursuant to this Contract shall pass to the Hirer upon delivery, in accordance with the Hirer’s request or direction and shall remain with the Hirer until the hire item(s) are collected by the Provider. Title shall not transfer to the Hirer under any circumstances.

23. Where the Service is provided under a consumer transaction as defined by the Consumer Transaction (Restriction on Statements) order 1976, the statutory rights of the Hirer are not affected by these conditions.

24. It is specifically provided and agreed that any compensation &/or damages payment in respect of any claim or claims arising out of, or in connection with, the terms of this contract for any reason whatsoever and howsoever arising, shall not amount in the aggregate to more than the cost of the provision of the service by the Provider, or that part of the Service giving rise to such claim, and in any event not more than £1000; and Skipandwaste.com and any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract shall have no further liability to the Hirer. Except in respect of death or personal injury caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract, Skipandwaste.com or such party shall not be liable to the Hirer by reason of any representation, or any implied warranty, condition or other term, or any duty at common law, or under the expressed terms of this contract, for any consequential loss or damage (whether for loss of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses or other claims for consequential or incidental compensation whatsoever (and whether caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other party entitled to the benefit of this contract, their employees, or agents, or otherwise) which arise out of, or in connection with the supply of the service, except as expressly provided in these conditions.

25. Skipandwaste.com shall not be liable to the Hirer or be deemed to be in breach of the contract by reason of any delay in performing, or any failure to perform, any of the provider’s, supplier’s, or co-ordinator’s obligations in relation to the service, if the delay or failure was due to force majeure.

26. Insolvency of Hirer:

a) This clause applies if:

i) The Hirer makes any voluntary arrangement with its creditors or becomes subject to an administration order or (being an individual or firm) becomes bankrupt or (being a company) goes into liquidation (otherwise than for the purposes of amalgamation or
reconstruction); or ii) an encumbrance takes possession, or a receiver is appointed, or any of the property or assets of the Hirer, or

iii) The Hirer ceases or threatens to cease; to carry on business; or

iv) Skipandwaste.com reasonably apprehends that any of the events mentioned above is about to occur in relation to the Hirer and notifies to the Hirer accordingly.

b) If this clause applies, then without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to Skipandwaste.com, Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to cancel the contract or suspend any further deliveries under the Contract without any liability to the Hirer, and if the Services have been provided but not paid for, the price shall become immediately due and payable, not withstanding any previous agreement or arrangement to the contrary.

27. Refund Policy

27.1 Application for refunds must be sent directly to Skipandwaste.com, in writing, addressed to the Customer Service Manager.

28. Cancellation Policy – Cancellation of Hire. If the hirer chooses to cancel the hire, the following charges will be levied:

More than 4 days’ notice – 10% of total hire charge

1-3 days’ notice – 50% of total hire charge

Less than 24 hours’ notice – 100% of total hire charge

Please note cancellation charges apply on all orders once instruction to deliver has been taken.

Additional Terms & Conditions for Domestic Private Hire

The hirer is responsible for ensuring the position for hire item(s) delivery has a clear access. Blocked access due to abandoned vehicles or materials resulting in failed delivery/collection will incur standing time and or an aborted delivery charge (known generally as a wasted journey fee). The Hirer is responsible for theft or damage to hire item(s) whilst on hire & until hire item(s) is removed by the hire item(s) owner.

Skipandwaste.com cannot accept any liability for any costs incurred through damage to the hirer’s driveway or other property whilst delivering or collecting the hire item(s) off the public highway.

The hire item(s) vehicle is invited off the highways onto private property at the hirer’s own risk, and is a separate arrangement to be confirmed with the Provider. Please note that we draw your attention to the fact that tarmac, block paved, and pattern-imprinted concrete driveways are at most risk.

The Hirer is also responsible for pointing out low lying cables, narrow entrance pillars, manhole covers, and any other potential risks or obstructions to Hire item(s) or the driver, prior to the hire item(s) delivery.
The local authority may require the lighting and coning of all on-road hire item(s) and, unless otherwise advised, it is necessary to obtain the necessary council consent with a road permit. Hirers should note that the fines for failure to light and cone a skip correctly vary according to the regulations set by the permit issuing authority. Hirers are advised to consult https://www.gov.uk/apply-skip-permit prior to completing the request of the hire item(s). Skipandwaste.com can assist in the facilitation of the provision of a valid permit. Please be advised that there will be an administration charge of £15 per permit/paperwork application.

In all cases delivery and collection times are given for guidance only and Skipandwaste.com accepts no liability for any costs incurred due to delays in delivery/collection; or failure to deliver on the preferred delivery date, or at the preferred time due to unforeseen circumstances. In all circumstances invoices exclude exceptional conditions such as force majeure.

In Addition to the above terms

1 INTERPRETATION

1.1 In these conditions the following words have the following meanings:
“Contract” means a contract which incorporates these conditions and made between the Customer and the Supplier for the hire of Hire Goods and/or the sale of Products;
“Customer” means the person, firm, company or other organisation hiring Hire Goods;
“Deposit” means any advance payment required by Skipandwaste.com in relation to the Hire Goods which is to be held as security by Skipandwaste.com;
“Force Majeure” means any event outside a party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God, war, flood, fire, labour disputes, strikes, sub-contractors, lock-outs, riots, civil commotion, malicious damage, explosion, terrorism, governmental actions and any other similar events;
“Hire Goods” means any machine, article, tool, skip, ‘wheelie bin’ and/or device together with any accessories specified in a Contract, which are hired to the Customer;
“Hire Period” means the period commencing when the Customer holds the Hire Goods on hire (including Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays) and ending upon the happening of any of the following events: the physical return of the Hire Goods by the Customer into the Provider’s possession; or the physical repossession or collection of Hire Goods by the Provider;
“Liability” means liability for any and all damages, claims, proceedings, actions, awards, expenses, costs and any other losses and/or liabilities;
“Products” means the products sold to the Customer by Skipandwaste.com; “Rental” means the Provider’s charging rate for the hire of the Hire Goods which is current from time to time during the Hire Period;
“Provider” means the appointed company arranged by Skipandwaste.com to fulfil the terms of the contract and will include its employees, servants, agents and/or duly authorised representatives;
“Services” means the services and/or work (if any) to be performed by Skipandwaste.com for the Customer in conjunction with the hire of Hire Goods including any delivery and/or collection service for the Hire Goods.

2 BASIS OF CONTRACT

2.1 Hire Goods are hired subject to them being available for hire to the Customer at the time required by the Customer. Skipandwaste.com will not be liable for any loss suffered by the Customer as a result of the Hire Goods being unavailable for hire where the Hire Goods are unavailable due to circumstances beyond Skipandwaste.com’s control.
2.2 Where hire of the Hire Goods is to a Customer who is an individual and the hire would be covered by the Consumer Credit Act 1974 the duration of the Hire Period shall not exceed 3 months, after which time the Contract shall be deemed to have automatically terminated.
2.3 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit any statutory rights of the Customer which may not be excluded or limited due to the Customer acting as a consumer. For further information about your statutory rights contact your local authority Trading Standards Department or Citizen’s Advice Bureau.

3 PAYMENT

3.1 The amount of any Deposit, Rental and/or charges for any Services shall be as quoted to the Customer or otherwise as shown in Skipandwaste.com’s online quotation service. Where a Deposit is required for the Hire Goods it must be paid in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods. Skipandwaste.com may also require an initial payment on account of the Rental in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods.
3.2 The Customer shall pay the Rental, charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the contract to Skipandwaste.com at the time and in the manner agreed. Skipandwaste.com’s prices are, unless otherwise stated, exclusive of any applicable VAT for which the Customer shall additionally be liable.
3.3 Payments by the Customer on time under the Contract are an essential condition of the Contract. Payment shall not be deemed to be made until Skipandwaste.com has received either cash or cleared funds in respect of the full amount outstanding.
3.4 Skipandwaste.com reserves the right to withhold payment for any requested hire item, until the appropriate certification and paperwork has been received by Skipandwaste.com. This is usually, but not limited to, Waste Transfer Note, Certification of Waste type and accurate weight thereof.

4 RISK AND TITLE OWNERSHIP AND INSURANCE

4.1 Risk in the Hire Goods and any Products will pass immediately to the Customer when they leave the physical possession or control of the Provider. Title will not transfer to the Customer in any case.
4.2 Risk in the Hire Goods will not pass back to the Provider from the Customer until the Hire Goods are back in the physical possession of the Provider. This shall apply even if the Provider has agreed to cease charging the Rental.
4.3 Ownership of the Hire Goods remains at all times with the Provider. The Customer has no right, title or interest in the Hire Goods except that they are hired to the Customer.
4.4 The Customer must not deal with the ownership or any interest in the Hire Goods. This includes but is not limited to selling, assigning, mortgaging, pledging, charging, securing, hiring, withholding, exerting any right to withhold, disposing of and/or lending.
4.5 The Provider may provide reasonably priced insurance in respect of the Hire Goods at additional cost to the Rental. Alternatively the Provider may require the Customer to insure the Hire Goods on such reasonable terms and for such reasonable risks as the Provider may specify. The proceeds of any such insurance shall be held by the Customer in trust for the Provider and be paid to the Provider on demand. The Customer must not compromise any claim in respect of the Hire Goods and/or any associated insurance without the Provider’s written consent.

5 DELIVERY, COLLECTION AND SERVICES

5.1 It is the responsibility of the Customer to collect the Hire Goods from the Provider and return them to the Provider at the end of the Hire Period. If the Provider agrees to deliver or collect the Hire Goods to and/or from the Customer it will do so at its standard delivery cost and such delivery and/or collection will form part of the Services.
5.2 Where the Provider provides Services the persons performing the Services are servants of the Customer and once the Customer instructs such person they are under the direction and control of the Customer. The Customer shall be solely responsible for any instruction, guidance and/or advice given by the Customer to any such person and for any damage which occurs as a result of such persons following the Customer’s instructions, guidance and/or advice except to the extent that the persons performing the Services are negligent.
5.3 The Customer will allow and/or procure sufficient access to and from the relevant site and procure sufficient unloading space, facilities, equipment and access to power supplies and utilities for the Provider’s employees, subcontractors and/or agents to allow them to carry out the Services. The Customer will ensure that the site where the Services are to be performed is, where necessary, cleared and prepared before the Services are due to commence.
5.4 If any Services are delayed, postponed and/or are cancelled due to the Customer failing to comply with its obligations the Customer will be liable to pay the Provider’s additional standard charges from time to time for such delay, postponement and/or cancellation except where the Customer is acting as a consumer and the delay is due to a Force Majeure event.

6 CARE OF HIRE GOODS

6.1 The Customer shall:-
6.1.1 not remove any labels from and/or interfere with the Hire Goods, their working mechanisms or any other parts of them and take reasonable care of the Hire Goods and only use them for their proper purpose in a safe and correct manner in accordance with any operating and/or safety instructions provided or supplied to the Customer;
6.1.2 Notify the Provider immediately after any breakdown, loss and/or damage to the Hire Goods;
6.1.3 Take adequate and proper measures to protect the Hire Goods from theft, damage and/or other risks;
6.1.4 Notify the Provider of any change of its address and upon the Provider’s request provide details of the location of the Hire Goods;
6.1.5 Permit the Provider at all reasonable times to inspect the Hire Goods including procuring access to any property where the Hire Goods are situated;
6.1.6 keep the Hire Goods at all times in its possession and control and not to remove the Hire Goods from the United Kingdom without the prior written consent of the Provider;
6.1.7 be responsible for the conduct and cost of any testing, examinations and/or checks in relation to the Hire Goods required by any legislation, best practice and/or operating instructions except to the extent that the Provider has agreed to provide them as part of any Services;
6.1.8 Not do, or omit to do, anything which will, or may be deemed to, invalidate any policy of insurance related to the Hire Goods, which is notified to the Customer;
6.1.9 not continue to use Hire Goods where they have been damaged and will notify Skipandwaste.com and the Provider immediately if the Hire Goods are involved in an accident resulting in damage to the Hire Goods, other property and/or injury to any person; and
6.1.10 where the Hire Goods require fuel, oil and/or electricity ensure that the proper type and/or voltage is used and that, where appropriate, the Hire Goods are properly installed by a qualified and competent person.
6.2 The Hire Goods must be returned by the Customer in good working order and condition (fair wear and tear excepted) and in a clean condition together with all insurance policies, licences, registration and other documents relating to the Hire Goods.

7 BREAKDOWN

7.1 The Provider will at its own cost carry out all routine maintenance and repairs to the Hire Goods during the Hire Period and all repairs which are required due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods. The Customer will be responsible for the cost of all repairs necessary to Hire Goods during the Hire Period which arise otherwise than as a result of fair wear and tear, an inherent fault and/or the negligence of the Supplier while carrying out routine maintenance and/or repairs.
7.2 The Customer must not repair or attempt to repair the Hire Goods unless authorised to do so in writing by Skipandwaste.com or the Provider.

8 LOSS OR DAMAGE TO THE HIRE GOODS

8.1 If the Hire Goods are returned in damaged, unclean and/or defective state except where due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods the Customer shall be liable to pay the Provider for the cost of any repair and/or cleaning required to return the Hire Goods to a condition fit for re-hire and to pay the Rental, in accordance with the provisions of clause 8.3, until such repairs and/or cleaning have been completed.
8.2 The Customer will pay to the Provider the replacement cost of any Hire Goods which are lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair during the Hire Period less the amount paid to the Provider under any policy of insurance taken out in accordance with these conditions.
8.3 The Customer shall pay the Rental for the Hire Goods up to and including the date it notifies Skipandwaste.com that the Hire Goods have been lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair. From that date until Skipandwaste.com has replaced such Hire Goods the Customer shall pay, as a genuine pre-estimate of lost rental profit, a sum as liquidated damages being equal to two thirds of the Rental that would have applied for such Hire Goods for that period. Skipandwaste.com shall use its reasonable commercial endeavours to purchase replacements for such Hire Goods as quickly as possible using the monies paid under clause 8.2 above.

9 TERMINATION BY NOTICE

9.1 If the Hire Period has a fixed duration, subject to the provisions of Section 10 neither the Customer nor Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the Contract before the expiry of that fixed period unless agreed with the other party.
9.2 If the Hire Period does not have a fixed duration either of the Customer or Skipandwaste.com is entitled to terminate the Contract upon giving to the other party any agreed period of notice.
9.3 If no period of notice has been agreed or specified the Customer may terminate the Hire Period by the physical return of the Hire Goods to the Provider and Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the hire of the Hire Goods by giving not less than 14 days’ notice to the Customer.

10 DEFAULT

10.1 If the Customer:-
10.1.1 Fails to make any payment to Skipandwaste.com when due without just cause;
10.1.2 breaches the terms of the Contract and, where the breach is capable of remedy, has not remedied the breach within 14 days of receiving notice requiring the breach to be remedied;
10.1.3 Persistently breaches the terms of the Contract;
10.1.4 provides incomplete, materially inaccurate or misleading facts and/or information in connection with the Contract;
10.1.5 pledges, charges or creates any form of security over any Hire Goods, or ceases or threatens to cease to carry on business, or proposes to compound with its creditors, applies for an interim moratorium in respect of claims and/or proceedings, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer, has a Bankruptcy Petition presented against it or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.6 being a company, enters into voluntary or compulsory liquidation, has a receiver, administrator or administrative receiver appointed over all or any of its assets, any attachment order is made against the Customer, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.7 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com due to the Customer’s credit rating to be financially inadequate to meet its obligations under the Contract; and/or
10.1.8 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com to be about to suffer any of the above events; then Skipandwaste.com shall have the right, without prejudice to any other remedies, to exercise any or all of the rights set out in clause 10.2 below.

10.2 If any of the events set out in clause 10.1 above occurs in relation to the
Customer then:-
10.2.1 Except where the Customer is acting as a consumer, Skipandwaste.com may enter, without prior notice, any premises of the Customer (or premises of third parties with their consent) where Hire Goods owned by Skipandwaste.com may be and repossess any Hire Goods;
10.2.2 Skipandwaste.com may withhold the performance of any Services and cease any Services in progress under this and/or any other Contract with the Customer;
10.2.3 Skipandwaste.com may immediately cancel, terminate and/or suspend without Liability to the Customer the Contract and/or any other contract with the Customer; and/or
10.2.4 All monies owed by the Customer to Skipandwaste.com shall immediately become due and payable.

10.3 Any repossession of the Hire Goods shall not affect Skipandwaste.com’s right to recover from the Customer any monies due under the Contract and/or any damages in respect of any breach which occurred prior to repossession of the Hire Goods.

10.4 Upon termination of the Contract the Customer shall immediately:
10.4.1 return the Hire Goods to Skipandwaste.com and/or Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider; or make the Hire Goods available for collection by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider as requested by the Provider; and
10.4.2 Pay to Skipandwaste.com all arrears for Rentals, Charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the Contract.

11 LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY

11.1 All warranties, representations, terms, conditions and duties implied by law relating to fitness, quality and/or adequacy are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law.
11.2 If Skipandwaste.com is found to be liable in respect of any loss or damage to the Customer’s property the extent of Skipandwaste.com’s Liability will be limited to the retail cost of replacement of the damaged property.
11.3 Any defective Hire Goods must be returned to Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider for inspection if requested by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider, before Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider will have any Liability for defective Hire Goods.
11.4 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer if, without just cause, any monies due in respect of the Hire Goods and/or the Services has not been paid in full by the due date for payment.
11.5 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability for additional damage, loss, liability, claims, costs or expenses caused, or contributed to, by the Customer’s continued use of defective Hire Goods and/or Services after a defect has become apparent, or suspected, or should reasonably have become apparent to the Customer.
11.6 The Customer shall give Skipandwaste.com a reasonable opportunity to remedy any matter for which Skipandwaste.com is liable, before the Customer incurs any costs and/or expenses in remedying the matter itself. If the Customer does not do so Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer in this regard.
11.7 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer to the extent that the Customer is covered by any policy of insurance arranged as a result of the Contract and the Customer shall ensure that the Customer’s insurers waive any and all rights of subrogation they may have against Skipandwaste.com.
11.8 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any:-
11.8.1 Consequential losses (including loss of profits and/or damage to goodwill and/or reputation);
11.8.2 Economic and/or other similar losses;
11.8.3 Special damages and indirect losses; and/or
11.8.4 Business interruption, loss of business, contracts and/or opportunity.

11.9 Skipandwaste.com’s total Liability to the Customer under and/or arising in relation to any Contract shall not exceed 5 times the amount of the Rental and charges for Services (if any) under that Contract or the sum of £1,000 whichever is the higher. To the extent that any Liability of Skipandwaste.com to the Customer would be met by any insurance of Skipandwaste.com, then the Liability of Skipandwaste.com shall be extended to the extent that such Liability is met by such insurance.

11.10 Each of the limitations and/or exclusions in this Contract shall be deemed to be repeated and apply as a separate provision for each of:
11.10.1 Liability for breach of contract;
11.10.2 Liability in tort (including negligence); and
11.10.3 Liability for breach of statutory and/or common law duty; except clause 11.9 above, which shall apply once only in respect of all the said types of Liability.

11.11 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit the Liability of Skipandwaste.com for death or personal injury due to Skipandwaste.com’s negligence, nor exclude or limit any other type of Liability which it is not permitted to exclude or limit as a matter of law.

12 GENERAL

12.1 Upon termination of the Contract the provisions of clauses 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and Section 6 shall continue in full force and effect.

12.2 Each hire of an item of Hire Goods shall form a distinct Contract which shall be separate to any other Contract relating to other Hire Goods.

12.3 The Customer shall be liable for the acts and/or omissions of its employees, agents, servants and/or subcontractors as though they were its own acts and/or omissions under this Contract.

12.4 The Customer agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified Skipandwaste.com against any and all losses, lost profits, damages, claims, costs (including legal costs on a full indemnity basis), actions and any other losses and/or liabilities suffered by the Supplier and arising from or due to any breach of contract, any tortuous act and/or omission and/or any breach of statutory duty by the Customer.

12.5 No waiver by Skipandwaste.com of any breach of this Contract shall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same provision, or any other provision. If any provision is held by any relevant competent authority to be part of the validity of the other provisions of this Contract and the remainder of the affected provision shall be unaffected and shall remain in full force and effect.

12.6 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any delay and/or non-performance of a Contract to the extent that such delay is due to any Force Majeure events. If Skipandwaste.com is affected by any such event then time for performance shall be extended for a period equal to the period that such event or events delayed such performance.

12.7 All third party rights are excluded and no third parties shall have any rights to enforce the Contract.

This shall not apply to any finance company with whom Skipandwaste.com has an outstanding finance agreement relating to the Hire Goods. Such finance company shall, subject to Skipandwaste.com’s consent, have the right to enforce this Contract as if they were the Supplier. This Contract is governed by and interpreted in accordance with English law and the parties agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.

13 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS

13.1 Skipandwaste.com may insert and present for payment any balance due and unpaid where the Customer has signed a blank or nil value debit or credit card voucher. The Supplier may also process interim payments by credit or debit card at any stage of the Contract.