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graded contour furrow irrigation

 
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Furrow irrigation, further classified as: (i) Deep furrow method, and ... Graded Borders: The graded borders have some slope in the direction of irrigation. Furrows vary from 8 to 30 cm deep and maybe as much as 400 meters long. It generally takes more labor for the first irrigation using contour fur- rows. Furrow Irrigation is an excellent method of irrigation for row crops like potatoes, cauliflowers etc. Graded Furrow Irrigation Evaluation Reference Material • Irrigation Guide, Chapter 9,15. • Irrigation System and Pumping Plant Efficiency Evaluations: 1978-1981, Texas Department of Water Resources, LP-191, 9/83. Corrugation I 1 Straight Contour Straight Contour Level Graded Figure 6.1 : Irrigation Method 6.3 SURFACE IRRIGATION METHODS .- - A brief about surface and subsurface irrigation method is given in Unit 1. Surface irrigation 1. 9. Yields and water use efficiencies from diked treatments on graded and contour furrows were as great as yields and water use efficiencies from a leveled minibench treatment, indicating that from a crop production standpoint, furrow diking was as effective as land leveling in retaining runoff and increasing crop yields. Toolbox Material . Publication date 1953 Topics Irrigation farming, Furrow irrigation, Contour farming Publisher Washington, D.C. : Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. But after furrow streams have once been adjusted to take care of fill and spike furrows, less labor is required. Contour furrow method of irrigation: This method is practiced in sloping land in which the direction of flow is across a slope rather than down slope. Here, we will not detail out sub surface irrigation methods. • Video Surface Irrigation / Riego Superficial, “Saving Water in Agriculture”, NRCS, New Mexico Furrow irrigation is usually expen-from a time and labor standpoint. NEH 15, Chapter 5. • Engineering, Technical Note 17, Evaluating Surge Flow Irrigation, NRCS, Colorado. Furrows are a series of long narrow channels constructed in the field. Contour-furrow irrigation by Kohler, Karl O; United States. The slopes generally range from 0.1 per cent to 0.5 per cent, but higher slopes are used under unavoidable conditions. These may be again straight or contour according to direction and leveled and graded as per their elevation I. 5. 9. 6. Properly operated, it is fairly efficient its use of water. Toolbox Material • Publication “The Surface Irrigation Manual”, ITRC, Cal-Poly. in to two as straight and contour. A minimum furrow grade of 0.05% is needed to assure surface drainage. of Agriculture Collection Generally, the seasonal labor costs of contour- furrow irrigation are much less than those of down-slope irrigation. A reduction thegrade of furrows makes them much less subject to erosion by irriga- Graded Furrow Irrigation Design Reference Material • Irrigation Guide, Chapter 6. • NEH 15, Chapter 5. • FOTG Section IV. Furrow spacing for corn, potatoes, sugarcane and other row crops is determined by the proper spacing of the plant rows, one irrigation furrow being provided for each row. The furrows are laid out with a gentle uniform grade to carry the irrigation streams. Check basins may be of rectangular, contour or ring, furrow irrigation is classified as deep furrow and corrugated furrows. Contour furrow irrigation is an adap-of furrow irrigation, in which furrows are laid across slope on a carefully selected grade. These may be again straight or contour according to direction and leveled and graded as per their elevation. Straighl Contour Rectangular Contour Ring Furrow I Deep Furrow 1. Reduces irrigation labor costs. Border irrigation Border irrigation Soil Conservation Service. 1. Check basins may be of rectangular, contour or ring, whereas furrow irrigation is classified as deep furrow and corrugated furrows.

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