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lustre file system

 
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Lustre is a type of parallel distributed file system, generally used for large-scale cluster computing. Liblustre was a user-level library that allows computational processors to mount and use the Lustre file system as a client. Higher throughput being tested. The metadata locks are split into separate bits that protect the lookup of the file (file owner and group, permission and mode, and access control list (ACL)), the state of the inode (directory size, directory contents, link count, timestamps), layout (file striping, since Lustre 2.4), and extended attributes (xattrs, since Lustre 2.5). L'objectif du projet est de fournir un système de fichiers distribué capable de fonctionner sur plusieurs centaines de nœuds, avec une capacité d'un pétaoctet, sans altérer la vitesse ni la sécurité de l'ensemble. Lustre 1.4.0, released in November 2004, provided protocol compatibility between versions, could use InfiniBand networks, and could exploit extents/mballoc in the ldiskfs on-disk filesystem. In a typical Lustre installation on a Linux client, a Lustre filesystem driver module is loaded into the kernel and the filesystem is mounted like any other local or network filesystem. DoM also improves performance for small files if the MDT is SSD-based, while the OSTs are disk-based. When there are many threads reading or writing a single large file concurrently, then it is optimal to have one stripe on each OST to maximize the performance and capacity of that file. [37] OpenSFS also established the Lustre Community Portal, a technical site that provides a collection of information and documentation in one area for reference and guidance to support the Lustre open source community. When the MDS filename lookup is complete and the user and client have permission to access and/or create the file, either the layout of an existing file is returned to the client or a new file is created on behalf of the client, if requested. Individual files can use composite file layouts that are constructed of multiple components, which are file regions based on the file offset, that allow different layout parameters such as stripe count, OST pool/storage type, etc. Lustre est désormais maintenu par la communauté Open Source ainsi que certaines entreprises spécialisées. This makes virtual machine migration (to different servers) seamless, as the same storage is accessible at the source and destination. Per Metadata Target (MDT): 4 billion files (ldiskfs backend), 256 trillion files (ZFS backend), All bytes except NUL ('\0') and '/' and the special file names "." Lustre 1.0.0 was released in December 2003, and provided basic Lustre filesystem functionality, including server failover and … The Lustre file system architecture was started as a research project in 1999 by Peter J. Braam, who was a staff of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) at the time. The name Lustre is a portmanteau word derived from Linux and cluster. It is open source. Also, since the locking of each object is managed independently for each OST, adding more stripes (one per OST) scales the file I/O locking capacity of the file proportionately. Lustre 2.1, released in September 2011, was a community-wide initiative in response to Oracle suspending development on Lustre 2.x releases. Lustre 1.0.0 was released in December 2003,[1] and provided basic Lustre filesystem functionality, including server failover and recovery. (Optional) Prepare the block devices to be used as OSTs or MDTs. LNet provides end-to-end throughput over Gigabit Ethernet networks in excess of 100 MB/s,[76] throughput up to 11 GB/s using InfiniBand enhanced data rate (EDR) links, and throughput over 11 GB/s across 100 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.[77]. [39], In November 2019, OpenSFS and EOFS announced at the SC19 Lustre BOF that the Lustre trademark had been transferred to them jointly from Seagate. Since the number of extent lock servers scales with the number of OSTs in the filesystem, this also scales the aggregate locking performance of the filesystem, and of a single file if it is striped over multiple OSTs. In a traditional Unix disk file system, an inode data structure contains basic information about each file, such as where the data contained in the file is stored. In February 2013, Xyratex Ltd., announced it acquired the original Lustre trademark, logo, website and associated intellectual property from Oracle. [11], Lustre file systems are scalable and can be part of multiple computer clusters with tens of thousands of client nodes, tens of petabytes (PB) of storage on hundreds of servers, and more than a terabyte per second (TB/s) of aggregate I/O throughput. Lustre 2.14 was released on February 19, 2021[2] and includes three main features. Distributed Namespace Environment (DNE) allows horizontal metadata capacity and performance scaling for 2.4 clients, by allowing subdirectory trees of a single namespace to be located on separate MDTs. By the end of 2010, most Lustre developers had left Oracle. The PFL functionality was enhanced with Self-Extending Layouts[68] (SEL) to allow file components to be dynamically sized, to better deal with flash OSTs that may be much smaller than disk OSTs within the same filesystem. [46] It added parallel directory operations allowing multiple clients to traverse and modify a single large directory concurrently, faster recovery from server failures, increased stripe counts for a single file (across up to 2000 OSTs), and improved single-client directory traversal performance. Lustre MDSes are configured as an active/passive pair exporting a single MDT, or one or more active/active MDS pairs with DNE exporting two or more separate MDTs, while OSSes are typically deployed in an active/active configuration exporting separate OSTs to provide redundancy without extra system overhead. The archive tier is typically a tape-based system, that is often fronted by a disk cache. Depuis le rachat de Sun par Oracle en 2009, Lustre a un temps été maintenu par Oracle pour les machines utilisant exclusivement son matériel, puis libéré par Oracle qui s'en est détourné. ZFS can now be used as the backing filesystem for both MDT and OST storage. The Logical Metadata Volume (LMV) on the client hashes the filename and maps it to a specific MDT directory shard, which will handle further operations on that file in an identical manner to a non-striped directory. [21] Lustre is used by many of the TOP500 supercomputers and large multi-cluster sites. Lustre 2.0, released in August 2010, was based on significant internally restructured code to prepare for major architectural advancements. Client-side software was updated to work with Linux kernels up to version 3.0. For readdir() operations, the entries from each directory shard are returned to the client sorted in the local MDT directory hash order, and the client performs a merge sort to interleave the filenames in hash order so that a single 64-bit cookie can be used to determine the current offset within the directory. The Lustre file system also uses inodes, but inodes on MDTs point to one or more OST objects associated with the file rather than to data blocks. The Lustre File System ChecK (LFSCK) feature can verify and repair the MDS Object Index (OI) while the file system is in use, after a file-level backup/restore or in case of MDS corruption. This approach ensures scalability for large-scale clusters and supercomputers, as well as improved security and reliability. [40], Lustre file system was first installed for production use in March 2003 on the MCR Linux Cluster at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,[41] one of the largest supercomputer at the time.[42]. Each file created in the filesystem may specify different layout parameters, such as the stripe count (number of OST objects making up that file), stripe size (unit of data stored on each OST before moving to the next), and OST selection, so that performance and capacity can be tuned optimally for each file. Striping a file over multiple OST objects provides significant performance benefits if there is a need for high bandwidth access to a single large file. Braam went on to found his own company Cluster File Systems in 2001,[20] starting from work on the InterMezzo file system in the Coda project at CMU. Une partie des supercalculateurs utilise Lustre comme système de fichiers distribué. High throughput 2 TB/s in a production system. It was a transition release, being interoperable with both Lustre 1.6 and Lustre 2.0.[43]. Compared to local filesystems, in a DFS, files or file contents may be stored across disks of multiple servers instead of on a single disk. Lustre (système de fichiers) - Lustre (file system) Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre "Cluster File Systems" redirige ici. What is the Lustre file system? Clients do not directly modify the objects or data on the OST filesystems, but instead delegate this task to OSS nodes. [12][13] This makes Lustre file systems a popular choice for businesses with large data centers, including those in industries such as meteorology, simulation,[14] oil and gas, life science, rich media, and finance. [22] Lustre Isolation enables different populations of users on the same file system.

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