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what do historians say caused the civil war

 

02/08/2020

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Most Yankees hardly embraced blacks or abolitionists. The Senate was similarly youthful, particularly its Democratic members, fewer than half of whom had reached age fifty. . Thirty-six years older than the Little Giant, Clay was already Speaker of the House when Douglas was born in 1813. Textbooks have traditionally taught that incompatibility between northern and southern economies caused the Civil War. To be sure, echoes still reverberate of the venerable arguments between historians who emphasize abstract economic, social, or political forces and those who stress human agency. This literature confirms rather than challenges traditional periodization, for those years have long marked the beginning of the “Civil War era.” This time span has attracted considerable attention because the slavery expansion debate intensified markedly between the annexation of Texas in 1845 and the Compromise of 1850. The experience of war often turned whites-only egalitarianism into a far more sweeping notion of human equality. that good people fought valiantly for disgraceful causes. Moreover, despite their pretensions to being an embattled minority, southern elites long succeeded in harnessing national ideals and federal power to their own interests. Read on to learn more about what caused the civil war.During the mid-1800s, America was a place of new beginnings for all. Conversely, the sectionalization of white southern ideals was not inevitable. While the North capitalized on its manufacturing and industry sectors the South’s prosperity was gained through large agricultural farms and slave labor. Slave-owning soldiers’ higher casualty rates and lower desertion rates suggest that they may have been more enthusiastic about participating in the war. James L. Huston shows that both southern efforts to nationalize property rights in slaves and the prospect of slavery becoming a national institution—in the sense that a fully integrated national market could bring slave and free labor into competition—fueled northern sectionalism and promoted the rise of the Republican party. But whose liberty was at stake? At the heart of the Myth of the Lost Cause is the insistence that secession, the Confederacy, and the Civil War were all about states’ rights, not More significantly, Confederate President Jefferson Davis explained in his postwar memoirs, “The truth remains intact and incontrovertible, that the existence of African servitude was in no wise the cause of the conflict, but only an incident.” He argued that North-South hostility was “not the consequence of any difference on the abstract question of slavery. For these slaveholding nationalists, “federal power was not a danger to be feared, but a force to be utilized,” right up to the 1860 election. . “Broad regional faith in cotton's global power,” he argues, “both informed secessionists' actions and provided them an indispensable tool for mobilizing otherwise reluctant confederates.” Planters' commitment to the production and overseas sale of cotton shaped southern politics and business practices. More from Wes about the causes of the Civil War. Popular antislavery strove to protect democratic politics from the machinations of a legally privileged and economically potent ruling class. On the other hand, slaveholders, at least as much as any other antebellum Americans, benefited from portraying slavery as a fundamentally racial issue. This critique has a point—hopefully we will never read an article called “Christopher Columbus and the Coming of the American Civil War”—but two virtues of recent work on the long sectional conflict merit emphasis. . . Work by Margaret Abruzzo on proslavery and antislavery humanitarianism, John Patrick Daly and Mark A. Noll on evangelical Protestantism, Sean Wilentz on political democracy, and Diane N. Capitani on domestic sentimental fiction suggests that the highly politicized differences between northern and southern ideologies masked those ideologies' common intellectual roots. A more nuanced approach would reveal “that in the North as well as in the South there were deep sectional impulses, and support or nonsupport of the Union was sometimes a matter of sectional tactics rather than of national loyalty.” Recent scholars have accepted Potter's challenge, and their findings contribute to an emerging reinterpretation of the sectional conflict and the timing of secession.Disentangling northern from national interests and values has been difficult thanks in part to the Civil War itself (in which “the North” and “the Union” overlapped, albeit imperfectly) and because of the northern victory and the temptation to classify the Old South as an un-American aberration. Thus, defense of slavery was neither inevitably nor invariably secessionist. The war was caused by slavery. were finally brought into actual and active collision with each other on the field of battle.” He also asserted that the war “was not a contest between the advocates or opponents of that Particular Institution, but a contest .

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what do historians say caused the civil war