point and figure chart

28/02/2021

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The reversal can be set at anything the trader desires, such as one times the box size, or 5.5 times the box size. Time, apparently, plays a vital role in money valuation. In its basic form, a column of X's are drawn whenever price rises above a pre-defined range, but never when its within that range and a column of O's are drawn whenever price falls, but never within that range. Technical analysts still utilize concepts such as support and resistance, as well as other patterns, when viewing P&F charts. The next reversal would have the stock trading up at least $3, or three points, before a new column of X's came back into view on our P&F chart. The old-school charts with Xs and Os that automatically filter out financial market noise. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. P&F charts are side-by-side columns of X's and O's, while a renko chart is created by a series of boxes spread out over time at 45-degree angles. Point & Figure is a chart system, one of the oldest tools used in trading. Charts that show a security's monthly price performance trends over an adjustable period of time. The Kagi chart is a technical analysis tool developed in Japan in the 1870s. A point-and-figure chart plots price movements for stocks, bonds, commodities, or futures without taking into consideration the passage of time. Rising stock prices are shown with X's and falling prices are shown with O's. A horizontal row of O's is what you are looking for when zeroing in on a trend reversal and an uptrend to begin. Point-and-figure charts often provide technical analysts with different trade and trend signals, relative to traditional candlestick or bar charts. Yet when a reversal occurs it can significantly erase profits or result in big losses. Point-and-figure chart patterns indicate imminent gains or drops based on past price movement. A column of X’s is always followed by a column of O’s, and vice-versa. Point and figure charts are a way to visualize price movements and trends in an asset without regard to the amount of time that passes. The main thing about point and figure charts is that not all days are equal. How to Calculate Point-and-Figure (P&F) Charts. Point and Figure Charts were originally popular in the early 1900s, before the prominence of computer based charting. The P&F chart is unique in that it does not plot price against time as all other techniques do. Graphically, the first two columns of our example would look like this: Now that we have had a look at how to construct a P&F chart, the next question is how do we read it. Software >> Metatrader 4 indicators >> PnF Charts. The "X"s are used to indicate rising prices and "O"s to indicate falling prices. For over a century, traders used point and figure charts to filter the time element from a trade. He authored several books on the topic, including Point & Figure Charting: The Essential Application for Forecasting and Tracking Market Prices. The charts may help traders see trends and reversals more clearly. By using point and figure charting to identify overall price trends, technical investors can take positions that have a strong probability of profiting. This book is a must for all those who want a thorough understanding of this popular charting method. Other copies of … The X's illustrate rising prices, while O's represent a falling price. Also, while P&F charts may help reduce the number of false breakouts, false breakouts still occur. PnF Charts for Metatrader 4. Dynamically compare the performance of up to 10 different ticker symbols on the same chart. What makes P&F charts unique is that they do not account for the discrete passage of time as most other types of chart do along their x-axes. Point & Figure Charts software is an interactive stock analysis tool. "Tom Dorsey." An X is created when the price moves higher by a set amount, called the box size. In this respect, point and figure charts are a tool used by traders to help determine the best time to buy or sell financial instruments such as stocks, options, ETFs, and more. Point and figure (p&f) charts provide a simple, yet disciplined method of identifying current or emerging trends in stock prices. The key to P&F charts is the establishment of the unit of price, which is the unit measurement of a price movement plotted on the graph. Point and figure charting does not plot price against time as time-based charts do. Breakouts can signal major trend changes. "Point & Figure Basics," Page 2. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. Point & Figure charts consist of columns of X's and O's that represent filtered price movements. Point and Figure charts are used to identify support levels, resistance and chart patterns. For example, if the box size is $1, the reversal amount is $3. Nasdaq purchased Dorsey, Wright & Associates in 2015.. While point and figure charting has never been at the top of the list of popular techniques used by technical analysts, there is a growing interest in P&F from all corners of the charting community. It consist of columns that represent filtered price movements. Renko charts never have bricks next to each other. The point and figure chart example from above has the MA(20) and MA(9), and their cross signal a bullish or bearish market. A Point and Figure (P&F) chart is made up of multiple columns of X’s that represent increases in a security’s price and O’s that represent decreases in price. It was first written about in the Wall Street Journal in the early 1900s by a writer who has not been well-written about. When using P&F charts, it is recommended to also watch the actual price of the asset so that risk can be monitored in real time. Divided into three comprehensive parts, Point and Figure Charting, Fourth Edition provides you with the insights to excel in many different markets, and under various conditions. We offer P&F Charts, Stock Picks, Relative Strength Analysis and Market Timing. Point and Figure Chart – Box Size. An up-trend will always be first penetrated by a column of O's and a … Point-and-Figure (P&F) Chart Definition and Tactics, Vertical Line Charting Definition and Example. This charting system monitors supply and demand of each issue while keeping an eye on developing trends. You should remember that both support and resistance are shown in horizontal lines and trendlines are represented with 45-degree angles. Now, if the stock had been trading upward to $25, the stock would have to close at $22 before the chart would reverse to a column of O's. What do point and figure charts tell you? PnF charts show only price movements that are bigger than the specified box size. If the price movement reverses direction, the chart shows a new column of O's, wherein an O is plotted for each unit of price movement. Count is a form of technical analysis that employs point and figure (P&F) charts to evaluate the vertical movement of stock prices. Go. So say the closing prices of a stock moved up one price unit three times. This indicator displays Point & Figure charts (PnF charts) in the indicator window or in the main chart area. A bar graph is a chart that plots data with rectangular columns representing the total amount of data for that category. Point and figure charts are a way to visualize price movements and trends in an asset without regard to the amount of time that passes. Here we take a close look at P&F charts and how to read and construct them. What Is a Point and Figure Chart and How Is It Used? Know how P&F charts are constructed and how to trade basic patterns. The point and figure chart is used as a way to monitor supply and demand. A box size is the minimum price change that must occur before the next mark is added to a point-and-figure (P&F) chart. One variable is the box size. In the creation of P&F charts, the emphasis is only on the closing price of an issue. It can create various technical indicator charts to help users identify buy-and-sell signals. The P&F calculations require two variables; one is the amount of box size, and the other is the reversal amount. They believe that the highs and lows provide irrelevant information that cant (and shouldnt be) used in the decision making process of the trades or investments. The reverse, when that chart gives us three O's, indicates supply has overcome demand. Some argue that support and resistance levels, as well as breakouts, are more clearly defined on a P&F chart since it filters out tiny price movements and is less susceptible to false breakouts. X's and O's stack on top of each other, respectively, and will often form a series of X's or O's. P&F chart provide several advantages, some of them are filtering insignificant price movements and noise, focusing on important price … It was designed and meant to be used for long term investing. Price increases are recorded as columns of X's and decreases by columns of O's on a graph with price increments displayed along the vertical axis. We make you a better trader with our tools, training and services. For example, following a price rise or column of X's, if a reversal occurs and the reversal amount is three box sizes, when the reversal occurs three O's will be drawn starting one spot below the highest X. Studies of trendlines have shown that a break through resistance levels generally occurs with great gusto—that is, with big volume and a rapid increasing stock price. Pin-point the exact time to buy and sell, and know what to trade. Time is not a factor in P&F charting; these charts evolve as prices move. Users will learn how to identify support and resistance as well as how to draw P&F trend lines. What is known as the point and figure trading theory has became one of the most curious, yet effective trading theories. It could be $0.50, $1 or even $2 if the stock price is high enough. It is clearly understood by P&F experts that the law of supply and demand determines the price of the stock. Assume then that the issue continues to fall to $20 before reversing itself; the X's would reappear once the price hits $23. Conclusion. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. P&F charts are good at keeping traders in strong trends, as a lot of small counter-trend movements are filtered out. Each price box represents a specific value that price must reach to warrant an X or an O. The key to point-and-figure charting is the box size, or the amount of price movement that determines whether a new X or O is added to the chart. The point-and-figure (P&F) chart is different from other chart types in that volume and time are unimportant and, thus, not charted.Only the price matters, and only if it is a significant amount. What is a Point and Figure (P&F) Chart? Instead it plots price against changes in direction by plotting a column of Xs as the price rises and a column of Os as the price falls. For some traders, getting the signal after the price has already moved that much may not be effective. The Box size is basically the minimum price variation that must happen before the next mark added to a Point and Figure chart. The same is true for a column of O's in a declining market; the column continues until the stock reaches the reversal amount, at which point a new column of X's begins. Through a thorough discussion of everything from recognizing reliable chart patterns and the adaptability of Relative Strength (RS) to primary/secondary market indicators and using options as a risk management tool, this practical guide … A breakout, for example, must move the box amount in order to signal a breakout occurred. Charles Dow, the founder of The Wall Street Journal, is credited with developing point-and-figure charting as a way to determine imbalances between supply and demand., One of the foremost technical analysts specializing in point-and-figure charting is Tom Dorsey, who founded the research firm Dorsey, Wright & Associates in 1987. Accessed Nov. 22, 2020. A Renko chart, developed by the Japanese, is built using fixed price movements of a specified magnitude. Trends take a long time to reverse, so traders should remember that P&F charting is designed for long-term investors and has no value whatsoever for the short-term trader. In technical analysis, a false signal refers to an indication of future price movements that gives an inaccurate picture of the economic reality. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. Because the reversal amount is typically so large, if a trader is only using P&F charts they won't see the reversal until the price has moved significantly against them. Notably, the line of X's continues in the same column, provided that the price continues to rise and doesn’t breach a predetermined reversal amount, at which point, a new column of O's begins. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our. A reversal occurs when the price is no longer moving enough to put another X or O in the current X or O column, and then the price moves at least three box sizes (if this is the chosen reversal amount) in the opposite direction. The Difference Between Point-and-Figure (P&F) and Renko Charts, Limitations of Using Point-and-Figure (P&F) Charts. Point and figure analysts documented and still document patterns on such charts. Nasdaq. Point and Figure Charting" by Thomas Dorsey. A support level is a level at which investors and traders alike believe prices will start to move higher after hitting the support mark. Some argue that support and resistance levels, as well as breakouts, are more clearly defined on a P&F chart since it filters out tiny price movements and is less susceptible to false breakouts. Time is not a factor on P&F chart but as you can see with this script P&F chart created on time chart. The main difference between the chart types is the look. Because each unit of price movement must be plotted, each unit of price movement down from the $25 level must, in this new column of O's, be represented by one O. P&F charts utilize columns consisting of stacked Xs or Os, each of which represents a set amount of price movement. Point and Figure Charts. This can be done by monitoring a candlestick or open-high-low-close (OHLC) chart. Point & Figure. Unlike all other charting methods, point and figure charts do not have a time axis, as these are formed purely out of price action. The box size defines the value of price variations documented by each mark on the Point and Figure chart. The following will give you a solid base to further study two important principles of P&F charting: support levels and resistance levels. A Point and Figure Chart aka P&F chart is a popular trading indicator. Of course, with intraday P&F charts you could even get changes for every tick. PerfCharts. Point and figure charts may be constructed using the daily closing price only, although a more accurate picture can be obtained using the highs and lows. Point and Figure Charting Point and Figure charting is a technical analysis technique that uses a chart with "X"s and "O"s for predicting financial asset prices. Point and figure (P&F) is a charting technique used in technical analysis. The box size amount depends on a trader’s choice; it can be $1 or 1% if measured with ATR (average true range) indicator.ATR measures price volatility. X-Columns represent rising prices and O-Columns represent falling prices. The best book ever written on the subject is "Point and Figure Charting" by Thomas Dorsey. This differs from more traditional charts that show price changes over a fixed time periods. The Xs illustrate rising prices, while Os represent a falling price. Vertical line charting is a type of chart used to plot how the price of a security moves over time. It was first written about in the Wall Street Journal in the early 1900s by a writer who has not been well-written about. Since the introduction of P&F charts, they have been deeply integrated in other technical analysis and trading strategies. On P&F charts, there is no time axis, only a price axis. Reversal amount describes the level of price movement required to shift a chart to the right when using technical analysis methods. The box size can be a specific dollar amount, such as $1, a percentage, such as 3% of the current price, or it can be based on average true range (ATR) which means the box size will fluctuate based on volatility. For example, say the box size is $3. Therefore, a reversal occurs if the price moves in the opposite direction by two box amounts. As you know the Point and figure method is not a time-related approach. Because point and figure charts ignore the time factor, a non-volatile share (i.e. Construction Point and Figure Charts Much like with line charts, traders who use P&F charts arent all that concerned about the highs and lows, but the closing prices of an asset. There are four indicators MQL 4 for tradiing that adapt to different time frames and there is a dashboard that detects currency pair trends. It might take a single day to draw an X, or it could take a week or a month. Designed for long-term investment, point and figure (P&F) charts have been described as one of the simplest systems for determining solid entry and exit points in stock market trading. Renko Charts are also based on box size, and when the price moves by the box size it creates an up or down brick that moves at a 45-degree angle to the prior brick. It is mainly used to attempt to predict financial market prices. Point and Figure ignores the time factor and concentrate solely on movements in price. Depending on the box size, the columns themselves can represent significant trends, and when the column changes (from O to X, or X to O) that may signal a significant trend reversal or pullback. What appears to be a breakout may still be reversed a short time later. Go. StockCharts.com President Chip Anderson gives an introduction to Point and Figure Charting. While some analysts rely more heavily on the point-and-figure charts, others use these charts to confirm signals provided by traditional charts in an effort to avoid false breakouts. Conventional technical analysis charts tend to be the open-close/high-low chart that plot price movements over the course of time, say from day to day. We provide the Point and Figure trading strategy with online P&F charts … Point & Figure Charting. An optional variable is whether to use high and low prices for the underlying asset or to use closing prices. In order for the price to reverse, resulting in the formation of a new column of X's following O's or a new column of O's following X's, the price must reverse by the reversal amount. The reversal amount also needs to be set. Point and Figure method is over 150 years old. As a result, some traders view it as the simplest way to find entries and exits. If the last X happened at a price of $15, a new one is added to the current column of X's when the price rises to $18. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. Have a look at the three O's in the example above to see what this means. Money › Technical Analysis Point-and-Figure Charts. The developers of P&F charting were interested in trend development and thus were not concerned with the noise created daily by minor moves up or down, but with how the larger picture played out from a supply and demand perspective. Point-and-figure charts don't require calculation, but they do require at least two variables to be set. Accessed Nov. 22, 2020. Dorsey helped to popularize the use of point-and-figure charts with more traditional technical indicators, such as moving averages, relative strength, and advance/decline lines. X's and O's never appear in the same column. Count is a form of technical analysis that employs point and figure (P&F) charts to evaluate the vertical movement of stock prices. Point and Figure Chart MQ4 are the indicators that replicate the Point and Figure Chart in a simplified and synthetic way. This brief guide aims to familiarise the investor with the basic concepts behind p&f charts and highlights some of the benefits from using them in one’s investment procedure. These points appear on the chart only if the price moved at least one unit of price in either direction. An O is created when the price drops the box size amount. The most common methods of representing the price action of a security on a chart are lines, bars and candlesticks. It helps to eliminate noise and allows focusing on main trends. The reversal amount is typically three times the box size. @Colibritrader The time value of money says that for people, the same amount of money has a different value if available at different point in the future. Seasonality. Point and Figure chart . However, there is yet another form of price representation namely point and figure chart. Traders utilize P&F charts in similar ways to other charts. This would appear as a column of three X's. Using high and low prices will mean the creation of more X's and O's, while using only closing prices (less movement being calculated compared to high and lows) will mean fewer X's and O's are created. This brief guide aims to familiarise the investor with the basic concepts behind p&f Traders still watch for support and resistance levels. This is what our point & figure charts and point and figure patterns scanner look like. Using Point & Figure Charts Point and figure (p&f) charts provide a simple, yet disciplined method of identifying current or emerging trends in stock prices. Introduction to Point & Figure Charts - This article shows how to construct P&F charts with a step-by-step example. This may benefit some traders as it may reduce false breakout signals, but the price has already moved the box amount (or more) beyond the breakout point. Frequency distribution is a representation, either in a graphical or tabular format, that displays the number of observations within a given interval. Trend lines on Point and Figure charts are plotted at an angle of 45 degrees (one square across and one up/down). A box size is the minimum price change that must occur before the next mark is added to a point-and-figure (P&F) chart. Nasdaq. A point-and-figure chart plots price movements for stocks, bonds, commodities, or futures without taking into consideration the passage of time. This is just a basic overview of P&F charts. P&F Basics. Let's say, for an example, the stock you were tracking was trading at $25, and you were using a $1 unit measurement and a reversal box is three units. P&F charts can be slow to react to price changes. What Does a Point-and-Figure (P&F) Chart Tell You? Go. In this context, you may be curious to know about the box size. Contrary to some other types of charts, like candlesticks, which mark the degree of an asset's movement over set time periods, P&F charts utilize columns consisting of stacked X's or O's, each of which represents a set amount of price movement. one with very little price fluctuation) will result in very little alteration of the chart… P&F charts show us the establishment of trends, trend reversals and the supply and demand of charted issues. The point figure charts indicator for mt4 is a unique MetaTrader 4 indicator that is used for charting and technical analysis the same way candlestick charts are used. If the issue is rising in price and we have an uptrend in place with at least three X's, we believe that demand has overcome supply. When a reversal occurs, several X's or O's will be drawn at the same time. They were a way for technical analysts to chart large amounts of data in … Remember, you choose the unit size. Point and figure chart (P&F) is a charting technique used in technical analysis. A horizontal row of X's marks the resistance levels you need to be looking for in the P&F charting study. It uses vertical lines to find general supply and demand levels. The box size is set based on the asset's price and the investor's preference. A point-and-figure (P&F) chart plots price movements as a series of stacked X's or O's that do not take into consideration the passage of time.

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14. The Hirer shall not move the hire item(s) from the site without the consent of the Provider and where necessary the highway authority; and in any case will undertake to notify Skipandwaste.com as soon as is reasonably possible.

15. The Hirer shall ensure:

a) That the Hirer signs a single or multiple consignment transfer note declaring the waste type and that the waste is accurately described when completing the transfer note.

b) Where the waste type does not conform to the description, as specified on the waste transfer note, or is different to that as specified at the time the hire item(s) was ordered, then charges will vary accordingly.

c) Where inert waste loads (soil/hardcore/muck) are ordered and they are found to contain other waste types, in particular mixed builder’s waste materials thus contaminating the load, the hirer will be charged accordingly for the hire tipping charges (typically £82.50 per tonne). In particular the hirer must be aware of the considerable differences in landfill tax rates. Currently £2.50/tonne for inert materials and £82.50/tonne for active waste materials.

d) Where appropriate, waste is only stored in suitable containers.

e) That no liquids, explosives, toxic, or dangerous materials including, but not limited to fibrous asbestos, solvents, minerals or greases will be placed in the hire item(s) without the written consent of the supplier; and that the contents of the hire item(s) when loaded conform to the requirements of S.I.1980/1709 or any re-enactment thereof and the local waste regulation authority with regard omits suitability for disposal as general or special waste as a controlled waste disposal site.

f) If any waste to which the said section applies is placed in any hire item(s) the Hirer will immediately give the notices required by the said section and send copies of such notices to both Skipandwaste.com and the Provider.

g) That no bonded asbestos will be placed, save where the Hirer has given to Skipandwaste.com, a minimum of seven days’ notice of their intentions so to do and obtained the written agreement of Skipandwaste.com and agreed to the charges to be made with regard thereto.

h) No cans, bottles or other liquid containers are placed in the hire item(s) unless they are dry, free from liquid, residues and open for inspection.
i) That no fridges, freezers, vehicle tyres, car/commercial vehicle batteries and any other waste types, which following changes in legislation from time to time may become classified as a special difficult, or hazardous waste type.

16. The Hirer shall ensure from the time that the hire item(s) is deposited until it is picked up again by the Provider/Supplier:-

a) It is properly sited in accordance with any relevant permission and that all conditions thereof are observed and performed at all times.

b) It is properly coned where necessary during the hours of daylight and coned and lighted during the hours of darkness.

c) No fires are lit in, and no corrosive acid or noxious substance, liquid cement or concrete placed in the hire item(s).

d) It is filled no higher than the top of its sides and in such a manner as to prevent spillage of material, both whilst the container is stationary, or in transit. Where hire item(s) are located on public or third party property and waste is accumulated for any reason whatsoever in the immediate proximity of the hire item(s), Skipandwaste.com reserves the right to supply a further hire item(s) to contain the surplus material and to transfer the same to the hire item(s) and to debit the Hirer with the reasonable costs of so doing.

e) It suffers no damage except fair wear and tear. All damage by fire, vandalism or other means, the Hirer will reimburse the Provider all costs for either replacement or repair; unless the Hirer has taken out an insurance policy with Skipandwaste.com, or provides their own insurance to cover all loss and/or damage whilst the hire item(s) are under the Hirer’s care.

f) No danger is caused by the hire item(s) or its contents to any third party and in particular, but without limitation thereto, to children.

g) No unauthorised removal of the hire item(s) shall take place by the hirer or a 3rd party contractor without the prior consent of the provider. The hirer will be debited all reasonable costs incurred in returning the hire item(s), or in cases where the hire item(s) is deemed lost or stolen the hirer will reimburse the Provider in full. Please note that many insurance policies will not cover theft of hire item(s).

17. Notwithstanding the terms of condition 15 it shall be the Hirer’s duty to notify the Provider of, and the Provider’s responsibility to ensure compliance with, any condition imposed by a highway authority relating to the marking of the hire item(s) with reflective paint.

18. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing the Hirer shall fill the hire item(s) within the period of hire as specified by the Provider and shall inform Skipandwaste.com in good time of its readiness for collection or replacement. The Hirer shall ensure that, from the time when collection of the hire item(s) is due to take place until the same is collected, there is left a clear space at one end of the container to terminate the hiring of the hire item(s) the minimum notice period shall be one clear working day.

19. The Provider may arrange the removal or repositioning of the hire item(s) if required at any time to do so by a highway authority or constable in uniform under Section 140 of the Highway Act 1980. The Hirer shall be responsible for the reasonable additional cost thereof on the part of the Provider or Supplier.

20. It is the responsibility of the hirer’s representative on site to keep the hirer’s copy of the ‘Proof of
Delivery’ ticket. Any copies required at a later date will be subject to a £30 administration charge.

21. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing, the Provider agrees to dispose of the contents of the hire item(s) as shall be in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Hirer agrees that they will pay the Provider’s reasonable charges of dealing with any of the contents of any hire item(s) which do not comply with the terms of this contract.

22. Risk and Title: The risk in relation to any hire item(s) supplied pursuant to this Contract shall pass to the Hirer upon delivery, in accordance with the Hirer’s request or direction and shall remain with the Hirer until the hire item(s) are collected by the Provider. Title shall not transfer to the Hirer under any circumstances.

23. Where the Service is provided under a consumer transaction as defined by the Consumer Transaction (Restriction on Statements) order 1976, the statutory rights of the Hirer are not affected by these conditions.

24. It is specifically provided and agreed that any compensation &/or damages payment in respect of any claim or claims arising out of, or in connection with, the terms of this contract for any reason whatsoever and howsoever arising, shall not amount in the aggregate to more than the cost of the provision of the service by the Provider, or that part of the Service giving rise to such claim, and in any event not more than £1000; and Skipandwaste.com and any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract shall have no further liability to the Hirer. Except in respect of death or personal injury caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract, Skipandwaste.com or such party shall not be liable to the Hirer by reason of any representation, or any implied warranty, condition or other term, or any duty at common law, or under the expressed terms of this contract, for any consequential loss or damage (whether for loss of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses or other claims for consequential or incidental compensation whatsoever (and whether caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other party entitled to the benefit of this contract, their employees, or agents, or otherwise) which arise out of, or in connection with the supply of the service, except as expressly provided in these conditions.

25. Skipandwaste.com shall not be liable to the Hirer or be deemed to be in breach of the contract by reason of any delay in performing, or any failure to perform, any of the provider’s, supplier’s, or co-ordinator’s obligations in relation to the service, if the delay or failure was due to force majeure.

26. Insolvency of Hirer:

a) This clause applies if:

i) The Hirer makes any voluntary arrangement with its creditors or becomes subject to an administration order or (being an individual or firm) becomes bankrupt or (being a company) goes into liquidation (otherwise than for the purposes of amalgamation or
reconstruction); or ii) an encumbrance takes possession, or a receiver is appointed, or any of the property or assets of the Hirer, or

iii) The Hirer ceases or threatens to cease; to carry on business; or

iv) Skipandwaste.com reasonably apprehends that any of the events mentioned above is about to occur in relation to the Hirer and notifies to the Hirer accordingly.

b) If this clause applies, then without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to Skipandwaste.com, Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to cancel the contract or suspend any further deliveries under the Contract without any liability to the Hirer, and if the Services have been provided but not paid for, the price shall become immediately due and payable, not withstanding any previous agreement or arrangement to the contrary.

27. Refund Policy

27.1 Application for refunds must be sent directly to Skipandwaste.com, in writing, addressed to the Customer Service Manager.

28. Cancellation Policy – Cancellation of Hire. If the hirer chooses to cancel the hire, the following charges will be levied:

More than 4 days’ notice – 10% of total hire charge

1-3 days’ notice – 50% of total hire charge

Less than 24 hours’ notice – 100% of total hire charge

Please note cancellation charges apply on all orders once instruction to deliver has been taken.

Additional Terms & Conditions for Domestic Private Hire

The hirer is responsible for ensuring the position for hire item(s) delivery has a clear access. Blocked access due to abandoned vehicles or materials resulting in failed delivery/collection will incur standing time and or an aborted delivery charge (known generally as a wasted journey fee). The Hirer is responsible for theft or damage to hire item(s) whilst on hire & until hire item(s) is removed by the hire item(s) owner.

Skipandwaste.com cannot accept any liability for any costs incurred through damage to the hirer’s driveway or other property whilst delivering or collecting the hire item(s) off the public highway.

The hire item(s) vehicle is invited off the highways onto private property at the hirer’s own risk, and is a separate arrangement to be confirmed with the Provider. Please note that we draw your attention to the fact that tarmac, block paved, and pattern-imprinted concrete driveways are at most risk.

The Hirer is also responsible for pointing out low lying cables, narrow entrance pillars, manhole covers, and any other potential risks or obstructions to Hire item(s) or the driver, prior to the hire item(s) delivery.
The local authority may require the lighting and coning of all on-road hire item(s) and, unless otherwise advised, it is necessary to obtain the necessary council consent with a road permit. Hirers should note that the fines for failure to light and cone a skip correctly vary according to the regulations set by the permit issuing authority. Hirers are advised to consult https://www.gov.uk/apply-skip-permit prior to completing the request of the hire item(s). Skipandwaste.com can assist in the facilitation of the provision of a valid permit. Please be advised that there will be an administration charge of £15 per permit/paperwork application.

In all cases delivery and collection times are given for guidance only and Skipandwaste.com accepts no liability for any costs incurred due to delays in delivery/collection; or failure to deliver on the preferred delivery date, or at the preferred time due to unforeseen circumstances. In all circumstances invoices exclude exceptional conditions such as force majeure.

In Addition to the above terms

1 INTERPRETATION

1.1 In these conditions the following words have the following meanings:
“Contract” means a contract which incorporates these conditions and made between the Customer and the Supplier for the hire of Hire Goods and/or the sale of Products;
“Customer” means the person, firm, company or other organisation hiring Hire Goods;
“Deposit” means any advance payment required by Skipandwaste.com in relation to the Hire Goods which is to be held as security by Skipandwaste.com;
“Force Majeure” means any event outside a party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God, war, flood, fire, labour disputes, strikes, sub-contractors, lock-outs, riots, civil commotion, malicious damage, explosion, terrorism, governmental actions and any other similar events;
“Hire Goods” means any machine, article, tool, skip, ‘wheelie bin’ and/or device together with any accessories specified in a Contract, which are hired to the Customer;
“Hire Period” means the period commencing when the Customer holds the Hire Goods on hire (including Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays) and ending upon the happening of any of the following events: the physical return of the Hire Goods by the Customer into the Provider’s possession; or the physical repossession or collection of Hire Goods by the Provider;
“Liability” means liability for any and all damages, claims, proceedings, actions, awards, expenses, costs and any other losses and/or liabilities;
“Products” means the products sold to the Customer by Skipandwaste.com; “Rental” means the Provider’s charging rate for the hire of the Hire Goods which is current from time to time during the Hire Period;
“Provider” means the appointed company arranged by Skipandwaste.com to fulfil the terms of the contract and will include its employees, servants, agents and/or duly authorised representatives;
“Services” means the services and/or work (if any) to be performed by Skipandwaste.com for the Customer in conjunction with the hire of Hire Goods including any delivery and/or collection service for the Hire Goods.

2 BASIS OF CONTRACT

2.1 Hire Goods are hired subject to them being available for hire to the Customer at the time required by the Customer. Skipandwaste.com will not be liable for any loss suffered by the Customer as a result of the Hire Goods being unavailable for hire where the Hire Goods are unavailable due to circumstances beyond Skipandwaste.com’s control.
2.2 Where hire of the Hire Goods is to a Customer who is an individual and the hire would be covered by the Consumer Credit Act 1974 the duration of the Hire Period shall not exceed 3 months, after which time the Contract shall be deemed to have automatically terminated.
2.3 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit any statutory rights of the Customer which may not be excluded or limited due to the Customer acting as a consumer. For further information about your statutory rights contact your local authority Trading Standards Department or Citizen’s Advice Bureau.

3 PAYMENT

3.1 The amount of any Deposit, Rental and/or charges for any Services shall be as quoted to the Customer or otherwise as shown in Skipandwaste.com’s online quotation service. Where a Deposit is required for the Hire Goods it must be paid in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods. Skipandwaste.com may also require an initial payment on account of the Rental in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods.
3.2 The Customer shall pay the Rental, charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the contract to Skipandwaste.com at the time and in the manner agreed. Skipandwaste.com’s prices are, unless otherwise stated, exclusive of any applicable VAT for which the Customer shall additionally be liable.
3.3 Payments by the Customer on time under the Contract are an essential condition of the Contract. Payment shall not be deemed to be made until Skipandwaste.com has received either cash or cleared funds in respect of the full amount outstanding.
3.4 Skipandwaste.com reserves the right to withhold payment for any requested hire item, until the appropriate certification and paperwork has been received by Skipandwaste.com. This is usually, but not limited to, Waste Transfer Note, Certification of Waste type and accurate weight thereof.

4 RISK AND TITLE OWNERSHIP AND INSURANCE

4.1 Risk in the Hire Goods and any Products will pass immediately to the Customer when they leave the physical possession or control of the Provider. Title will not transfer to the Customer in any case.
4.2 Risk in the Hire Goods will not pass back to the Provider from the Customer until the Hire Goods are back in the physical possession of the Provider. This shall apply even if the Provider has agreed to cease charging the Rental.
4.3 Ownership of the Hire Goods remains at all times with the Provider. The Customer has no right, title or interest in the Hire Goods except that they are hired to the Customer.
4.4 The Customer must not deal with the ownership or any interest in the Hire Goods. This includes but is not limited to selling, assigning, mortgaging, pledging, charging, securing, hiring, withholding, exerting any right to withhold, disposing of and/or lending.
4.5 The Provider may provide reasonably priced insurance in respect of the Hire Goods at additional cost to the Rental. Alternatively the Provider may require the Customer to insure the Hire Goods on such reasonable terms and for such reasonable risks as the Provider may specify. The proceeds of any such insurance shall be held by the Customer in trust for the Provider and be paid to the Provider on demand. The Customer must not compromise any claim in respect of the Hire Goods and/or any associated insurance without the Provider’s written consent.

5 DELIVERY, COLLECTION AND SERVICES

5.1 It is the responsibility of the Customer to collect the Hire Goods from the Provider and return them to the Provider at the end of the Hire Period. If the Provider agrees to deliver or collect the Hire Goods to and/or from the Customer it will do so at its standard delivery cost and such delivery and/or collection will form part of the Services.
5.2 Where the Provider provides Services the persons performing the Services are servants of the Customer and once the Customer instructs such person they are under the direction and control of the Customer. The Customer shall be solely responsible for any instruction, guidance and/or advice given by the Customer to any such person and for any damage which occurs as a result of such persons following the Customer’s instructions, guidance and/or advice except to the extent that the persons performing the Services are negligent.
5.3 The Customer will allow and/or procure sufficient access to and from the relevant site and procure sufficient unloading space, facilities, equipment and access to power supplies and utilities for the Provider’s employees, subcontractors and/or agents to allow them to carry out the Services. The Customer will ensure that the site where the Services are to be performed is, where necessary, cleared and prepared before the Services are due to commence.
5.4 If any Services are delayed, postponed and/or are cancelled due to the Customer failing to comply with its obligations the Customer will be liable to pay the Provider’s additional standard charges from time to time for such delay, postponement and/or cancellation except where the Customer is acting as a consumer and the delay is due to a Force Majeure event.

6 CARE OF HIRE GOODS

6.1 The Customer shall:-
6.1.1 not remove any labels from and/or interfere with the Hire Goods, their working mechanisms or any other parts of them and take reasonable care of the Hire Goods and only use them for their proper purpose in a safe and correct manner in accordance with any operating and/or safety instructions provided or supplied to the Customer;
6.1.2 Notify the Provider immediately after any breakdown, loss and/or damage to the Hire Goods;
6.1.3 Take adequate and proper measures to protect the Hire Goods from theft, damage and/or other risks;
6.1.4 Notify the Provider of any change of its address and upon the Provider’s request provide details of the location of the Hire Goods;
6.1.5 Permit the Provider at all reasonable times to inspect the Hire Goods including procuring access to any property where the Hire Goods are situated;
6.1.6 keep the Hire Goods at all times in its possession and control and not to remove the Hire Goods from the United Kingdom without the prior written consent of the Provider;
6.1.7 be responsible for the conduct and cost of any testing, examinations and/or checks in relation to the Hire Goods required by any legislation, best practice and/or operating instructions except to the extent that the Provider has agreed to provide them as part of any Services;
6.1.8 Not do, or omit to do, anything which will, or may be deemed to, invalidate any policy of insurance related to the Hire Goods, which is notified to the Customer;
6.1.9 not continue to use Hire Goods where they have been damaged and will notify Skipandwaste.com and the Provider immediately if the Hire Goods are involved in an accident resulting in damage to the Hire Goods, other property and/or injury to any person; and
6.1.10 where the Hire Goods require fuel, oil and/or electricity ensure that the proper type and/or voltage is used and that, where appropriate, the Hire Goods are properly installed by a qualified and competent person.
6.2 The Hire Goods must be returned by the Customer in good working order and condition (fair wear and tear excepted) and in a clean condition together with all insurance policies, licences, registration and other documents relating to the Hire Goods.

7 BREAKDOWN

7.1 The Provider will at its own cost carry out all routine maintenance and repairs to the Hire Goods during the Hire Period and all repairs which are required due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods. The Customer will be responsible for the cost of all repairs necessary to Hire Goods during the Hire Period which arise otherwise than as a result of fair wear and tear, an inherent fault and/or the negligence of the Supplier while carrying out routine maintenance and/or repairs.
7.2 The Customer must not repair or attempt to repair the Hire Goods unless authorised to do so in writing by Skipandwaste.com or the Provider.

8 LOSS OR DAMAGE TO THE HIRE GOODS

8.1 If the Hire Goods are returned in damaged, unclean and/or defective state except where due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods the Customer shall be liable to pay the Provider for the cost of any repair and/or cleaning required to return the Hire Goods to a condition fit for re-hire and to pay the Rental, in accordance with the provisions of clause 8.3, until such repairs and/or cleaning have been completed.
8.2 The Customer will pay to the Provider the replacement cost of any Hire Goods which are lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair during the Hire Period less the amount paid to the Provider under any policy of insurance taken out in accordance with these conditions.
8.3 The Customer shall pay the Rental for the Hire Goods up to and including the date it notifies Skipandwaste.com that the Hire Goods have been lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair. From that date until Skipandwaste.com has replaced such Hire Goods the Customer shall pay, as a genuine pre-estimate of lost rental profit, a sum as liquidated damages being equal to two thirds of the Rental that would have applied for such Hire Goods for that period. Skipandwaste.com shall use its reasonable commercial endeavours to purchase replacements for such Hire Goods as quickly as possible using the monies paid under clause 8.2 above.

9 TERMINATION BY NOTICE

9.1 If the Hire Period has a fixed duration, subject to the provisions of Section 10 neither the Customer nor Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the Contract before the expiry of that fixed period unless agreed with the other party.
9.2 If the Hire Period does not have a fixed duration either of the Customer or Skipandwaste.com is entitled to terminate the Contract upon giving to the other party any agreed period of notice.
9.3 If no period of notice has been agreed or specified the Customer may terminate the Hire Period by the physical return of the Hire Goods to the Provider and Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the hire of the Hire Goods by giving not less than 14 days’ notice to the Customer.

10 DEFAULT

10.1 If the Customer:-
10.1.1 Fails to make any payment to Skipandwaste.com when due without just cause;
10.1.2 breaches the terms of the Contract and, where the breach is capable of remedy, has not remedied the breach within 14 days of receiving notice requiring the breach to be remedied;
10.1.3 Persistently breaches the terms of the Contract;
10.1.4 provides incomplete, materially inaccurate or misleading facts and/or information in connection with the Contract;
10.1.5 pledges, charges or creates any form of security over any Hire Goods, or ceases or threatens to cease to carry on business, or proposes to compound with its creditors, applies for an interim moratorium in respect of claims and/or proceedings, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer, has a Bankruptcy Petition presented against it or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.6 being a company, enters into voluntary or compulsory liquidation, has a receiver, administrator or administrative receiver appointed over all or any of its assets, any attachment order is made against the Customer, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.7 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com due to the Customer’s credit rating to be financially inadequate to meet its obligations under the Contract; and/or
10.1.8 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com to be about to suffer any of the above events; then Skipandwaste.com shall have the right, without prejudice to any other remedies, to exercise any or all of the rights set out in clause 10.2 below.

10.2 If any of the events set out in clause 10.1 above occurs in relation to the
Customer then:-
10.2.1 Except where the Customer is acting as a consumer, Skipandwaste.com may enter, without prior notice, any premises of the Customer (or premises of third parties with their consent) where Hire Goods owned by Skipandwaste.com may be and repossess any Hire Goods;
10.2.2 Skipandwaste.com may withhold the performance of any Services and cease any Services in progress under this and/or any other Contract with the Customer;
10.2.3 Skipandwaste.com may immediately cancel, terminate and/or suspend without Liability to the Customer the Contract and/or any other contract with the Customer; and/or
10.2.4 All monies owed by the Customer to Skipandwaste.com shall immediately become due and payable.

10.3 Any repossession of the Hire Goods shall not affect Skipandwaste.com’s right to recover from the Customer any monies due under the Contract and/or any damages in respect of any breach which occurred prior to repossession of the Hire Goods.

10.4 Upon termination of the Contract the Customer shall immediately:
10.4.1 return the Hire Goods to Skipandwaste.com and/or Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider; or make the Hire Goods available for collection by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider as requested by the Provider; and
10.4.2 Pay to Skipandwaste.com all arrears for Rentals, Charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the Contract.

11 LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY

11.1 All warranties, representations, terms, conditions and duties implied by law relating to fitness, quality and/or adequacy are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law.
11.2 If Skipandwaste.com is found to be liable in respect of any loss or damage to the Customer’s property the extent of Skipandwaste.com’s Liability will be limited to the retail cost of replacement of the damaged property.
11.3 Any defective Hire Goods must be returned to Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider for inspection if requested by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider, before Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider will have any Liability for defective Hire Goods.
11.4 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer if, without just cause, any monies due in respect of the Hire Goods and/or the Services has not been paid in full by the due date for payment.
11.5 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability for additional damage, loss, liability, claims, costs or expenses caused, or contributed to, by the Customer’s continued use of defective Hire Goods and/or Services after a defect has become apparent, or suspected, or should reasonably have become apparent to the Customer.
11.6 The Customer shall give Skipandwaste.com a reasonable opportunity to remedy any matter for which Skipandwaste.com is liable, before the Customer incurs any costs and/or expenses in remedying the matter itself. If the Customer does not do so Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer in this regard.
11.7 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer to the extent that the Customer is covered by any policy of insurance arranged as a result of the Contract and the Customer shall ensure that the Customer’s insurers waive any and all rights of subrogation they may have against Skipandwaste.com.
11.8 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any:-
11.8.1 Consequential losses (including loss of profits and/or damage to goodwill and/or reputation);
11.8.2 Economic and/or other similar losses;
11.8.3 Special damages and indirect losses; and/or
11.8.4 Business interruption, loss of business, contracts and/or opportunity.

11.9 Skipandwaste.com’s total Liability to the Customer under and/or arising in relation to any Contract shall not exceed 5 times the amount of the Rental and charges for Services (if any) under that Contract or the sum of £1,000 whichever is the higher. To the extent that any Liability of Skipandwaste.com to the Customer would be met by any insurance of Skipandwaste.com, then the Liability of Skipandwaste.com shall be extended to the extent that such Liability is met by such insurance.

11.10 Each of the limitations and/or exclusions in this Contract shall be deemed to be repeated and apply as a separate provision for each of:
11.10.1 Liability for breach of contract;
11.10.2 Liability in tort (including negligence); and
11.10.3 Liability for breach of statutory and/or common law duty; except clause 11.9 above, which shall apply once only in respect of all the said types of Liability.

11.11 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit the Liability of Skipandwaste.com for death or personal injury due to Skipandwaste.com’s negligence, nor exclude or limit any other type of Liability which it is not permitted to exclude or limit as a matter of law.

12 GENERAL

12.1 Upon termination of the Contract the provisions of clauses 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and Section 6 shall continue in full force and effect.

12.2 Each hire of an item of Hire Goods shall form a distinct Contract which shall be separate to any other Contract relating to other Hire Goods.

12.3 The Customer shall be liable for the acts and/or omissions of its employees, agents, servants and/or subcontractors as though they were its own acts and/or omissions under this Contract.

12.4 The Customer agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified Skipandwaste.com against any and all losses, lost profits, damages, claims, costs (including legal costs on a full indemnity basis), actions and any other losses and/or liabilities suffered by the Supplier and arising from or due to any breach of contract, any tortuous act and/or omission and/or any breach of statutory duty by the Customer.

12.5 No waiver by Skipandwaste.com of any breach of this Contract shall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same provision, or any other provision. If any provision is held by any relevant competent authority to be part of the validity of the other provisions of this Contract and the remainder of the affected provision shall be unaffected and shall remain in full force and effect.

12.6 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any delay and/or non-performance of a Contract to the extent that such delay is due to any Force Majeure events. If Skipandwaste.com is affected by any such event then time for performance shall be extended for a period equal to the period that such event or events delayed such performance.

12.7 All third party rights are excluded and no third parties shall have any rights to enforce the Contract.

This shall not apply to any finance company with whom Skipandwaste.com has an outstanding finance agreement relating to the Hire Goods. Such finance company shall, subject to Skipandwaste.com’s consent, have the right to enforce this Contract as if they were the Supplier. This Contract is governed by and interpreted in accordance with English law and the parties agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.

13 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS

13.1 Skipandwaste.com may insert and present for payment any balance due and unpaid where the Customer has signed a blank or nil value debit or credit card voucher. The Supplier may also process interim payments by credit or debit card at any stage of the Contract.