reinforce 2x4 ceiling joists

28/02/2021

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Why does pressure in a thermos increase after shaking up hot water and soap? What really matters in this case is restraining lateral force at the walls to prevent building collapse, and this is easily done by adding short collar ties higher up on each rafter frame. Question: I understand that there are requirements for doubling joists, including how frequently they need to be fastened, but does this plan make sense overall? Gluing and screwing a 3/4" attic subfloor and providing solid bridging should also be considered. For this method to work, the 2x4 must be long enough to run the full length of the joist. Use blocking and 5/8 gusset plates to tie every thing together. The grooves the ends of the joists are currently resting are parged over and don’t allow any extra room for the sister joists. 2. the further away you are from the points of support the greater the effective load is. There are options from installing steel herring bone bracing , to making your own from 2x2 . It can be a little tight when nailing the hangers, but a palm air nailer can help. I have added (with lag bolts) 2x4's alongside the existing 2x4's and covered the area with 3/4" particle board. If this is the case with your structure, use the Floor Joist Table to determine maximum joist length/load. Use a temporary 2x4 post at the midpoint of the span to support the joist until the adhesive cures (usually in 24 to 48 hours). But, DanH adds, that assumes Leom uses common sense and doesn’t overload the overhead storage area with wood. I settled for adding 2x4's, again using fasteners and construction glue, to the bottoms of my joists. Become a member and get instant access to thousands of videos, how-tos, tool reviews, and design features. If he doubled up every other joist, would it be enough to handle the weight of “a lot of hardwood.” His engineer is comfortable with this, but what does everyone else think? It would be difficult to find a joist hanger that would fit a double joist comprised of a 1 3/4" LVL or i-joist and 1 1/5" 2x6. It is usually done as a means of reinforcing a stud that has been damaged or is bowed in a manner that compromises its load-bearing capacity. “They will probably not collapse, and the load will probably not compromise the structure. Leave it … I solved this by using a spade bit and drilling the end of the joist so it fit tight. Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Would it break if you walked across it? Option 1 (what I did) is to place the new joists in between each existing 2x6 effectively giving you 12" OC joists for a floor above. My son had Muscular Dystrophy and when I Got Divorced and Got MY Kids my Ex, and I Sold our old house. Adding a 2 x 4 along the bottom chord of the 2 x 6 ceiling/floor joist maybe helpful in stiffening the joist as well. Would it still significantly reinforce the strength of the existing joists if I added boards the width of the basement and screwed them in, but the ends didn’t actually rest on any stone or ceiling plates? I would probalby place them in between the existing 2x6's. It would also add some stregth too if you glue and nail the plywood filler the entire length of the i-joist. & A., Former associate editor Roe A. Osborn gives advice on hardwood floors and tips on how to stiffen hard wood floors. An intuitive interpretation of Negative voltage. drywall. It only takes a minute to sign up. It is better to stagger the joints across all the joists. This creates a 2x12 joist depth, but will I achieve an actual structural benefit from stacking members? Cut a piece of 2-by-6 or 2-by-8 lumber according to the width. drywall with 5/8-in. There is a 1/2" plywood sub-floor on top of the joists. I think you would get more bang for the buck with the sistering solutions listed above but if the person was thinking he would like sheathing up there anyway, then the sheathing might get him the reduction in deflection he is looking for. One storage suggestion...When stacking the lumber above always stack from outside edges toward the middle. If you have no sag in the ceiling just screw 3/4 inch plywood on on top of the ceiling joist. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. 2x6 celing joists can do a fine job of keeping the walls from spreading, but what if Leo wants to store piles and piles of heavy lumber up there? a day until they're level. You either have to replace 1/2-in. Use construction adhesive and nail as you would any normal "double" joist or header etc. Since you have a floor on 24" OC joists, I would use 3/4" material above. “In addition to that the deflection will be so noticeable from below that it will look frightening to a casual observer.”. actual vs. nominal)? Having joists in the storage shed would definitely help to create more space for bulkier items as they are able to support a much heavier weight. dunno, but I wouldn't want to stand under it. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. If the garage has a simple peaked roof, dropping 2x6s free of large knots from the peak and tying them into the center of the ceiling joists would cut the span in half. It is a 2x6 that is buckled in … I am astonished at the range of bad advice and the lack of even basic understanding of strength of materials in nearly all of the comments included in the text of this article. I Put a Wood Rack over the Garage Door on the Front but I Don't "Store" much Hardwood up there at all. IBSx Roundtable: Behind the Siding—WRB, Drainable WRB, or Rainscreen? I have 2x4 ceiling joists on 24" centers. “This is a pretty basic design, designed by an engineer and approved by the town. Or, layout the new joists and try to keep them from landing on the stud locations. Calvin suggests that I-joists would have been an alternative to consider at the start of the project. Not an issue I was concerned with as the ledgers only span 16" at it's widest point between studs. Essentially you are adding a top flange to each joist as you would see in the top of an I beam,or better, a T shaped beam. Start your subscription today and save up to 52%. Learn how to repair a floor joist, if you ever do run into this problem. How Can I Protect Medieval Villages From Plops? What kind of electrics or other utilities in the way to set new framing? For this example, I will assume a 2x12 16' will be used. As such, I have to wonder if attaching the strip vertically and at the bottom of the 2x would offer the same improvement. This would change your stick built roof framing to trusses. I wasn't concerned about the osb deflecting much between 12" OC joists. Steel is so much easier to work with and weighs practically nothing and is STRAIGHT! I used construction adhesive on the entire top plate and each stud, along with one lag into each stud. I'd rather keep the extra headroom (literally) and suffice with 6" of insulation. The theory a contractor explained to me is that it creates a hinge point at the weakest part of the joist, right in the center of it's length. I Also put an Attic in the back 2/3 of the garage. Sagging in a ceiling may be caused by undersized drywall. It will hang down below the bottom of the 2x6 joists, but just a few inches. Goal: Reinforce the joists and lay down a wood subfloor (OSB, ply, etc.) I know Having been a professional engineer for over a quarter of a century, I see fellow engineers designing things that are back to costing two dollars or worse. Is there a simple way to make these rough sawn, exposed joists level and flat? Bearing the new beam on the end walls, install joist hangers on each of the 2x6 ceiling joist (one on each side of the new beam) to reduce the span and increase the load capacity of the attic space. Replace a Rotten Lally – A proper footing and post add floor support that will never fail again. Piffin had this variation on the I-joist option: “What I would do is to add a 2×4 to the top and bottom of each joist, using glue and structural screws to convert each joist into an I-joist in place,” Piffin writes. The existing ceiling joists are 2x6s, clear-spanning about 11 feet 3 inches. Status Quo: 2x4's (actual size) spaced 16" on-center running the width of the building uninterrupted, with the ends resting on top of the wall top plate. I've got two of these in my house and they tuck right up into the ceiling, supporting floor loads above. My Parents had Just Remodeled their Kitchen. 2. take 2x6 cut them to the length of your inside existing 2x6 minus 4 feet so they will fit into the grooves you cut before in the 4x6s fully, screw them in place but dont glue, so they CAN flex. What is known about exotic spheres up to stable diffeomorphism? 4. consult your engineer as to how much deflection is allowed. TWO WAYS TO CREATE A NEW FLOOR SYSTEM. Locate the ceiling joist with your magnet. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Note: Ceiling joists of the first floor of a two-story structure often serve as floor joists for the second floor. Sep 10, 2017 - Discussion on the integrity of 2x6 ceiling joists holding up heavy loads. where I've stored various amounts of dimensional lumber. Plan: "Sister" or double the ceiling joists with 2x6's or 2x8's with the ends resting on the wall top plates then lay the subfloor on the new joists. I live in a house which suffered the "minimum" code for flooring. If you have an attic over your garage, these joists also bear the load of your attic flooring and any materials you store in the attic. Stability of the 2x6 joists against excessive deflection can be enhanced simply by adding blocking. MY Driveway is Cement so I Buy new wheelsets every 5 years or so. "I have learned so much thanks to the searchable articles on the FHB website. we should "think out-side the box" with this one..go outside your building and determine where it would be really neat to have an access door (or panel) ABOVE the in question 2x6's..1;this is where you will slide in what ever you need to strenthen the joists from ABOVE ..glue lams,whatever..I would also block the 2x6's below the area where the lam would be placed to give you a good purchase area to tie them(2x6's and lam(s) together)..and 2;now you have a good access area Outside you building to handle longer stock that,as we all know,is not fun to handle with tools and benches in our work space. ok blair633,what would you suggest to solve the problem? “Last time I bought them they were about 3 bucks a foot so we are talking 200 dollars here. Option 2 that I seriously considered as it would give probably more strength, is to sister the new 2x12 joists onto the existing 2x6's. I can confidently say that I expect to be a life-long subscriber." This will align each plywood filler joint right in the center of the 16' span. Nailing two 2x4s together will work to span about three joists, unless the sag is under a weight-bearing wall. Cut the dimensional lumber to length using a circular saw. “Cut the ends at the angle of your roof and see how long you can make them and still get some bearing on your top plates. A better solution is probably to angle in the lags to stay out of the way of the joist where they align but still "catch" the stud behind it fully. Climb up on a ladder so you can comfortably reach the ceiling with your arm. I had a contractor come out to estimate finishing it out. I tried the sistering, using construction glue and fasteners and it helped only marginally. A century ago (back before engineers were terribly involved in construction), the engineer's marketing slogan was, "An engineer can do for a dollar what any fool can do for two." I know, I know, I did not size the job correctly as I suggested. In this situation, I would use double 2x joist hangers at each end of the joists. “This is based on bending strength only not deflection, therefore a load larger than that will cause collapse,” he writes. By new framing, do you mean removal of the old joists and replacement with new joists, or do you mean to ask if there is anything in the way of doubling the joists? It has a "stick" hip roof 5/12 with 2x6 rafters 24" oc and 2x6 ceiling joist 16" oc. As you can imagine, the floor bends a bit when walked on (there are tongue and groove planks over the joists in the attic for a floor). I Have a Shopsmith in my Garage but Only use it in the Summer. At this point, let go of the magnet and see if it holds in place. I use 6x2 as noggins usually in the centre and stagger them the thickness of the timber so they can be nailed into the ends . I've done this application before. Even a stack of wood a foot deep would mean a load of 50 lb. The term sister stud refers to a secondary stud that is installed alongside an existing stud. Learn what some fellow builders think about this construction scenario. The concept, as explained, used strips of metal about 1-1/2" wide, about 1/8" thick and the length of each joist fastened to the bottom of each joist. The solution is simple...sister on an 18 gauge 1-5/8"x6 steel stud material to act as a joist running plate to plate. Vigenère Cipher problem in competitive programming, How to mitigate the risk of riding on highways. Just Remember I Have Doubled 2 by 8's for My forward Single Car Garage for Hardwood Lumber but I Do Not Stack the Lumber very Deep at all. Much better than having a 4x12 or something resting against the bottom of the rafters. you are assured that the structure will not fail because your load is supported close to the edges so the fail point of you top tier will not cause fail in your bottom one. It seems to me that I read somewhere that you can reinforce the ceiling joists in such a way as to give them the strength of floor joists. It has been proven that sandwiching 3/4 in plywood glued between 2 2x6 will increase the load capacity 10 fold. In my attic, it's just Light Storage. Tack a beam under the sagging joists. Any more would just be a waste. Science fantasy novel from the 80s/early 90s where an imprisoned woman is sent through time to a different kingdom. The ceiling joist portion of the truss seem very weak. I would be certain the joists that are added are tight to existing and use a deadman or "jimmy bar" as I call it to ease the existing joists up a bit in unison to help relieve some of the existing sag that is in the ceiling. Out here in the Bay Area (CA), we don't quite need 15" of insulation, and at that point, I'd just be losing heat from the walls instead. This did not affect the operation of my garage doors. It's easier to sort thru. its going to be a lot of work and a bit of money too but you kill two birds with one stone - you have 4 times the cary load easily, and the load is only half dead because of the springs. I'm not an engineer but I wonder what extra strength could be gained when sistering the 2X6s with 2X8s if plywood was glued between them. This would create a flat surface to adhere and nail on the double tall 2x6 joist. Avoid the temptation to use 2 pieces of plywood filler on each i-joist. “The 16-ft. 2x6s are there to keep the 2×6 rafters from spreading,” he writes. Click to enlarge, Another view of the shop I have heard, but not read or verified with an engineer, that it is actually better to NOT have the plywood filler seam EVER land right in the middle of the joist. To get the notches in the correct place, I temporarily screwed the ledger right under the existing joists and marked the locations. I searched a couple different local suppliers until I found these because I did not have an air palm nailer. Thanks. After a lot of on line research, I started seeing the same solution over and over - adding to the bottoms of floor joists, instead of sistering. I Lean Hardwood Lumber BEHIND a set of Shelves on my outer Garage wall. This puts most of the weight close to the load bearing walls and allows you to walk down the center if you need to. Half the span means 4 times the load carrying capacity from a strength standpoint, the deflection would be 1/16 that of the full span. In this case, 16'/5.5" is 35. Their job it to make sure that an assembly is 2-3 times stronger than it needs to be. I would start by calculating or getting an engineer to calculate the size joist that would meet the need. 2 2×6 over a 16-ft. span can carry 10 psf while a 2×8 will carry 20 psf. rev 2021.2.26.38670, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Home Improvement Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. I did not layout my new joist location ahead of time and regretted it. I don’t want a beam or posts running down the middle for obvious reasons.”. Leom is already concerned there isn’t enough room between his double top plate and the roof to wedge in the additional 2x8s, and the minimum I-joist Sandcastles knows of is 9 1/4 in. run a beam under the joist,no post needed, create a beam pocket at one end with double 2x4 cripples and 2x12 double simpson hanger at overhead header. decided to use 2x4 at 16 inch centers as joists. I Never store Wood OVER my garage door more than a Few Boards deep.

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g) No unauthorised removal of the hire item(s) shall take place by the hirer or a 3rd party contractor without the prior consent of the provider. The hirer will be debited all reasonable costs incurred in returning the hire item(s), or in cases where the hire item(s) is deemed lost or stolen the hirer will reimburse the Provider in full. Please note that many insurance policies will not cover theft of hire item(s).

17. Notwithstanding the terms of condition 15 it shall be the Hirer’s duty to notify the Provider of, and the Provider’s responsibility to ensure compliance with, any condition imposed by a highway authority relating to the marking of the hire item(s) with reflective paint.

18. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing the Hirer shall fill the hire item(s) within the period of hire as specified by the Provider and shall inform Skipandwaste.com in good time of its readiness for collection or replacement. The Hirer shall ensure that, from the time when collection of the hire item(s) is due to take place until the same is collected, there is left a clear space at one end of the container to terminate the hiring of the hire item(s) the minimum notice period shall be one clear working day.

19. The Provider may arrange the removal or repositioning of the hire item(s) if required at any time to do so by a highway authority or constable in uniform under Section 140 of the Highway Act 1980. The Hirer shall be responsible for the reasonable additional cost thereof on the part of the Provider or Supplier.

20. It is the responsibility of the hirer’s representative on site to keep the hirer’s copy of the ‘Proof of
Delivery’ ticket. Any copies required at a later date will be subject to a £30 administration charge.

21. Except as specifically otherwise agreed in writing, the Provider agrees to dispose of the contents of the hire item(s) as shall be in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Hirer agrees that they will pay the Provider’s reasonable charges of dealing with any of the contents of any hire item(s) which do not comply with the terms of this contract.

22. Risk and Title: The risk in relation to any hire item(s) supplied pursuant to this Contract shall pass to the Hirer upon delivery, in accordance with the Hirer’s request or direction and shall remain with the Hirer until the hire item(s) are collected by the Provider. Title shall not transfer to the Hirer under any circumstances.

23. Where the Service is provided under a consumer transaction as defined by the Consumer Transaction (Restriction on Statements) order 1976, the statutory rights of the Hirer are not affected by these conditions.

24. It is specifically provided and agreed that any compensation &/or damages payment in respect of any claim or claims arising out of, or in connection with, the terms of this contract for any reason whatsoever and howsoever arising, shall not amount in the aggregate to more than the cost of the provision of the service by the Provider, or that part of the Service giving rise to such claim, and in any event not more than £1000; and Skipandwaste.com and any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract shall have no further liability to the Hirer. Except in respect of death or personal injury caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other person entitled to the benefit of this contract, Skipandwaste.com or such party shall not be liable to the Hirer by reason of any representation, or any implied warranty, condition or other term, or any duty at common law, or under the expressed terms of this contract, for any consequential loss or damage (whether for loss of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses or other claims for consequential or incidental compensation whatsoever (and whether caused by the negligence of Skipandwaste.com or any other party entitled to the benefit of this contract, their employees, or agents, or otherwise) which arise out of, or in connection with the supply of the service, except as expressly provided in these conditions.

25. Skipandwaste.com shall not be liable to the Hirer or be deemed to be in breach of the contract by reason of any delay in performing, or any failure to perform, any of the provider’s, supplier’s, or co-ordinator’s obligations in relation to the service, if the delay or failure was due to force majeure.

26. Insolvency of Hirer:

a) This clause applies if:

i) The Hirer makes any voluntary arrangement with its creditors or becomes subject to an administration order or (being an individual or firm) becomes bankrupt or (being a company) goes into liquidation (otherwise than for the purposes of amalgamation or
reconstruction); or ii) an encumbrance takes possession, or a receiver is appointed, or any of the property or assets of the Hirer, or

iii) The Hirer ceases or threatens to cease; to carry on business; or

iv) Skipandwaste.com reasonably apprehends that any of the events mentioned above is about to occur in relation to the Hirer and notifies to the Hirer accordingly.

b) If this clause applies, then without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to Skipandwaste.com, Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to cancel the contract or suspend any further deliveries under the Contract without any liability to the Hirer, and if the Services have been provided but not paid for, the price shall become immediately due and payable, not withstanding any previous agreement or arrangement to the contrary.

27. Refund Policy

27.1 Application for refunds must be sent directly to Skipandwaste.com, in writing, addressed to the Customer Service Manager.

28. Cancellation Policy – Cancellation of Hire. If the hirer chooses to cancel the hire, the following charges will be levied:

More than 4 days’ notice – 10% of total hire charge

1-3 days’ notice – 50% of total hire charge

Less than 24 hours’ notice – 100% of total hire charge

Please note cancellation charges apply on all orders once instruction to deliver has been taken.

Additional Terms & Conditions for Domestic Private Hire

The hirer is responsible for ensuring the position for hire item(s) delivery has a clear access. Blocked access due to abandoned vehicles or materials resulting in failed delivery/collection will incur standing time and or an aborted delivery charge (known generally as a wasted journey fee). The Hirer is responsible for theft or damage to hire item(s) whilst on hire & until hire item(s) is removed by the hire item(s) owner.

Skipandwaste.com cannot accept any liability for any costs incurred through damage to the hirer’s driveway or other property whilst delivering or collecting the hire item(s) off the public highway.

The hire item(s) vehicle is invited off the highways onto private property at the hirer’s own risk, and is a separate arrangement to be confirmed with the Provider. Please note that we draw your attention to the fact that tarmac, block paved, and pattern-imprinted concrete driveways are at most risk.

The Hirer is also responsible for pointing out low lying cables, narrow entrance pillars, manhole covers, and any other potential risks or obstructions to Hire item(s) or the driver, prior to the hire item(s) delivery.
The local authority may require the lighting and coning of all on-road hire item(s) and, unless otherwise advised, it is necessary to obtain the necessary council consent with a road permit. Hirers should note that the fines for failure to light and cone a skip correctly vary according to the regulations set by the permit issuing authority. Hirers are advised to consult https://www.gov.uk/apply-skip-permit prior to completing the request of the hire item(s). Skipandwaste.com can assist in the facilitation of the provision of a valid permit. Please be advised that there will be an administration charge of £15 per permit/paperwork application.

In all cases delivery and collection times are given for guidance only and Skipandwaste.com accepts no liability for any costs incurred due to delays in delivery/collection; or failure to deliver on the preferred delivery date, or at the preferred time due to unforeseen circumstances. In all circumstances invoices exclude exceptional conditions such as force majeure.

In Addition to the above terms

1 INTERPRETATION

1.1 In these conditions the following words have the following meanings:
“Contract” means a contract which incorporates these conditions and made between the Customer and the Supplier for the hire of Hire Goods and/or the sale of Products;
“Customer” means the person, firm, company or other organisation hiring Hire Goods;
“Deposit” means any advance payment required by Skipandwaste.com in relation to the Hire Goods which is to be held as security by Skipandwaste.com;
“Force Majeure” means any event outside a party’s reasonable control including but not limited to acts of God, war, flood, fire, labour disputes, strikes, sub-contractors, lock-outs, riots, civil commotion, malicious damage, explosion, terrorism, governmental actions and any other similar events;
“Hire Goods” means any machine, article, tool, skip, ‘wheelie bin’ and/or device together with any accessories specified in a Contract, which are hired to the Customer;
“Hire Period” means the period commencing when the Customer holds the Hire Goods on hire (including Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays) and ending upon the happening of any of the following events: the physical return of the Hire Goods by the Customer into the Provider’s possession; or the physical repossession or collection of Hire Goods by the Provider;
“Liability” means liability for any and all damages, claims, proceedings, actions, awards, expenses, costs and any other losses and/or liabilities;
“Products” means the products sold to the Customer by Skipandwaste.com; “Rental” means the Provider’s charging rate for the hire of the Hire Goods which is current from time to time during the Hire Period;
“Provider” means the appointed company arranged by Skipandwaste.com to fulfil the terms of the contract and will include its employees, servants, agents and/or duly authorised representatives;
“Services” means the services and/or work (if any) to be performed by Skipandwaste.com for the Customer in conjunction with the hire of Hire Goods including any delivery and/or collection service for the Hire Goods.

2 BASIS OF CONTRACT

2.1 Hire Goods are hired subject to them being available for hire to the Customer at the time required by the Customer. Skipandwaste.com will not be liable for any loss suffered by the Customer as a result of the Hire Goods being unavailable for hire where the Hire Goods are unavailable due to circumstances beyond Skipandwaste.com’s control.
2.2 Where hire of the Hire Goods is to a Customer who is an individual and the hire would be covered by the Consumer Credit Act 1974 the duration of the Hire Period shall not exceed 3 months, after which time the Contract shall be deemed to have automatically terminated.
2.3 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit any statutory rights of the Customer which may not be excluded or limited due to the Customer acting as a consumer. For further information about your statutory rights contact your local authority Trading Standards Department or Citizen’s Advice Bureau.

3 PAYMENT

3.1 The amount of any Deposit, Rental and/or charges for any Services shall be as quoted to the Customer or otherwise as shown in Skipandwaste.com’s online quotation service. Where a Deposit is required for the Hire Goods it must be paid in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods. Skipandwaste.com may also require an initial payment on account of the Rental in advance of the Customer hiring the Hire Goods.
3.2 The Customer shall pay the Rental, charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the contract to Skipandwaste.com at the time and in the manner agreed. Skipandwaste.com’s prices are, unless otherwise stated, exclusive of any applicable VAT for which the Customer shall additionally be liable.
3.3 Payments by the Customer on time under the Contract are an essential condition of the Contract. Payment shall not be deemed to be made until Skipandwaste.com has received either cash or cleared funds in respect of the full amount outstanding.
3.4 Skipandwaste.com reserves the right to withhold payment for any requested hire item, until the appropriate certification and paperwork has been received by Skipandwaste.com. This is usually, but not limited to, Waste Transfer Note, Certification of Waste type and accurate weight thereof.

4 RISK AND TITLE OWNERSHIP AND INSURANCE

4.1 Risk in the Hire Goods and any Products will pass immediately to the Customer when they leave the physical possession or control of the Provider. Title will not transfer to the Customer in any case.
4.2 Risk in the Hire Goods will not pass back to the Provider from the Customer until the Hire Goods are back in the physical possession of the Provider. This shall apply even if the Provider has agreed to cease charging the Rental.
4.3 Ownership of the Hire Goods remains at all times with the Provider. The Customer has no right, title or interest in the Hire Goods except that they are hired to the Customer.
4.4 The Customer must not deal with the ownership or any interest in the Hire Goods. This includes but is not limited to selling, assigning, mortgaging, pledging, charging, securing, hiring, withholding, exerting any right to withhold, disposing of and/or lending.
4.5 The Provider may provide reasonably priced insurance in respect of the Hire Goods at additional cost to the Rental. Alternatively the Provider may require the Customer to insure the Hire Goods on such reasonable terms and for such reasonable risks as the Provider may specify. The proceeds of any such insurance shall be held by the Customer in trust for the Provider and be paid to the Provider on demand. The Customer must not compromise any claim in respect of the Hire Goods and/or any associated insurance without the Provider’s written consent.

5 DELIVERY, COLLECTION AND SERVICES

5.1 It is the responsibility of the Customer to collect the Hire Goods from the Provider and return them to the Provider at the end of the Hire Period. If the Provider agrees to deliver or collect the Hire Goods to and/or from the Customer it will do so at its standard delivery cost and such delivery and/or collection will form part of the Services.
5.2 Where the Provider provides Services the persons performing the Services are servants of the Customer and once the Customer instructs such person they are under the direction and control of the Customer. The Customer shall be solely responsible for any instruction, guidance and/or advice given by the Customer to any such person and for any damage which occurs as a result of such persons following the Customer’s instructions, guidance and/or advice except to the extent that the persons performing the Services are negligent.
5.3 The Customer will allow and/or procure sufficient access to and from the relevant site and procure sufficient unloading space, facilities, equipment and access to power supplies and utilities for the Provider’s employees, subcontractors and/or agents to allow them to carry out the Services. The Customer will ensure that the site where the Services are to be performed is, where necessary, cleared and prepared before the Services are due to commence.
5.4 If any Services are delayed, postponed and/or are cancelled due to the Customer failing to comply with its obligations the Customer will be liable to pay the Provider’s additional standard charges from time to time for such delay, postponement and/or cancellation except where the Customer is acting as a consumer and the delay is due to a Force Majeure event.

6 CARE OF HIRE GOODS

6.1 The Customer shall:-
6.1.1 not remove any labels from and/or interfere with the Hire Goods, their working mechanisms or any other parts of them and take reasonable care of the Hire Goods and only use them for their proper purpose in a safe and correct manner in accordance with any operating and/or safety instructions provided or supplied to the Customer;
6.1.2 Notify the Provider immediately after any breakdown, loss and/or damage to the Hire Goods;
6.1.3 Take adequate and proper measures to protect the Hire Goods from theft, damage and/or other risks;
6.1.4 Notify the Provider of any change of its address and upon the Provider’s request provide details of the location of the Hire Goods;
6.1.5 Permit the Provider at all reasonable times to inspect the Hire Goods including procuring access to any property where the Hire Goods are situated;
6.1.6 keep the Hire Goods at all times in its possession and control and not to remove the Hire Goods from the United Kingdom without the prior written consent of the Provider;
6.1.7 be responsible for the conduct and cost of any testing, examinations and/or checks in relation to the Hire Goods required by any legislation, best practice and/or operating instructions except to the extent that the Provider has agreed to provide them as part of any Services;
6.1.8 Not do, or omit to do, anything which will, or may be deemed to, invalidate any policy of insurance related to the Hire Goods, which is notified to the Customer;
6.1.9 not continue to use Hire Goods where they have been damaged and will notify Skipandwaste.com and the Provider immediately if the Hire Goods are involved in an accident resulting in damage to the Hire Goods, other property and/or injury to any person; and
6.1.10 where the Hire Goods require fuel, oil and/or electricity ensure that the proper type and/or voltage is used and that, where appropriate, the Hire Goods are properly installed by a qualified and competent person.
6.2 The Hire Goods must be returned by the Customer in good working order and condition (fair wear and tear excepted) and in a clean condition together with all insurance policies, licences, registration and other documents relating to the Hire Goods.

7 BREAKDOWN

7.1 The Provider will at its own cost carry out all routine maintenance and repairs to the Hire Goods during the Hire Period and all repairs which are required due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods. The Customer will be responsible for the cost of all repairs necessary to Hire Goods during the Hire Period which arise otherwise than as a result of fair wear and tear, an inherent fault and/or the negligence of the Supplier while carrying out routine maintenance and/or repairs.
7.2 The Customer must not repair or attempt to repair the Hire Goods unless authorised to do so in writing by Skipandwaste.com or the Provider.

8 LOSS OR DAMAGE TO THE HIRE GOODS

8.1 If the Hire Goods are returned in damaged, unclean and/or defective state except where due to fair wear and tear and/or an inherent fault in the Hire Goods the Customer shall be liable to pay the Provider for the cost of any repair and/or cleaning required to return the Hire Goods to a condition fit for re-hire and to pay the Rental, in accordance with the provisions of clause 8.3, until such repairs and/or cleaning have been completed.
8.2 The Customer will pay to the Provider the replacement cost of any Hire Goods which are lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair during the Hire Period less the amount paid to the Provider under any policy of insurance taken out in accordance with these conditions.
8.3 The Customer shall pay the Rental for the Hire Goods up to and including the date it notifies Skipandwaste.com that the Hire Goods have been lost, stolen and/or damaged beyond economic repair. From that date until Skipandwaste.com has replaced such Hire Goods the Customer shall pay, as a genuine pre-estimate of lost rental profit, a sum as liquidated damages being equal to two thirds of the Rental that would have applied for such Hire Goods for that period. Skipandwaste.com shall use its reasonable commercial endeavours to purchase replacements for such Hire Goods as quickly as possible using the monies paid under clause 8.2 above.

9 TERMINATION BY NOTICE

9.1 If the Hire Period has a fixed duration, subject to the provisions of Section 10 neither the Customer nor Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the Contract before the expiry of that fixed period unless agreed with the other party.
9.2 If the Hire Period does not have a fixed duration either of the Customer or Skipandwaste.com is entitled to terminate the Contract upon giving to the other party any agreed period of notice.
9.3 If no period of notice has been agreed or specified the Customer may terminate the Hire Period by the physical return of the Hire Goods to the Provider and Skipandwaste.com shall be entitled to terminate the hire of the Hire Goods by giving not less than 14 days’ notice to the Customer.

10 DEFAULT

10.1 If the Customer:-
10.1.1 Fails to make any payment to Skipandwaste.com when due without just cause;
10.1.2 breaches the terms of the Contract and, where the breach is capable of remedy, has not remedied the breach within 14 days of receiving notice requiring the breach to be remedied;
10.1.3 Persistently breaches the terms of the Contract;
10.1.4 provides incomplete, materially inaccurate or misleading facts and/or information in connection with the Contract;
10.1.5 pledges, charges or creates any form of security over any Hire Goods, or ceases or threatens to cease to carry on business, or proposes to compound with its creditors, applies for an interim moratorium in respect of claims and/or proceedings, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer, has a Bankruptcy Petition presented against it or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.6 being a company, enters into voluntary or compulsory liquidation, has a receiver, administrator or administrative receiver appointed over all or any of its assets, any attachment order is made against the Customer, any distress, execution or other legal process is levied on any property of the Customer or the Customer takes or suffers any similar action in any jurisdiction;
10.1.7 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com due to the Customer’s credit rating to be financially inadequate to meet its obligations under the Contract; and/or
10.1.8 appears reasonably to Skipandwaste.com to be about to suffer any of the above events; then Skipandwaste.com shall have the right, without prejudice to any other remedies, to exercise any or all of the rights set out in clause 10.2 below.

10.2 If any of the events set out in clause 10.1 above occurs in relation to the
Customer then:-
10.2.1 Except where the Customer is acting as a consumer, Skipandwaste.com may enter, without prior notice, any premises of the Customer (or premises of third parties with their consent) where Hire Goods owned by Skipandwaste.com may be and repossess any Hire Goods;
10.2.2 Skipandwaste.com may withhold the performance of any Services and cease any Services in progress under this and/or any other Contract with the Customer;
10.2.3 Skipandwaste.com may immediately cancel, terminate and/or suspend without Liability to the Customer the Contract and/or any other contract with the Customer; and/or
10.2.4 All monies owed by the Customer to Skipandwaste.com shall immediately become due and payable.

10.3 Any repossession of the Hire Goods shall not affect Skipandwaste.com’s right to recover from the Customer any monies due under the Contract and/or any damages in respect of any breach which occurred prior to repossession of the Hire Goods.

10.4 Upon termination of the Contract the Customer shall immediately:
10.4.1 return the Hire Goods to Skipandwaste.com and/or Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider; or make the Hire Goods available for collection by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider as requested by the Provider; and
10.4.2 Pay to Skipandwaste.com all arrears for Rentals, Charges for any Services, monies for any Products and/or any other sums payable under the Contract.

11 LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY

11.1 All warranties, representations, terms, conditions and duties implied by law relating to fitness, quality and/or adequacy are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law.
11.2 If Skipandwaste.com is found to be liable in respect of any loss or damage to the Customer’s property the extent of Skipandwaste.com’s Liability will be limited to the retail cost of replacement of the damaged property.
11.3 Any defective Hire Goods must be returned to Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider for inspection if requested by Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider, before Skipandwaste.com’s nominated Provider will have any Liability for defective Hire Goods.
11.4 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer if, without just cause, any monies due in respect of the Hire Goods and/or the Services has not been paid in full by the due date for payment.
11.5 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability for additional damage, loss, liability, claims, costs or expenses caused, or contributed to, by the Customer’s continued use of defective Hire Goods and/or Services after a defect has become apparent, or suspected, or should reasonably have become apparent to the Customer.
11.6 The Customer shall give Skipandwaste.com a reasonable opportunity to remedy any matter for which Skipandwaste.com is liable, before the Customer incurs any costs and/or expenses in remedying the matter itself. If the Customer does not do so Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer in this regard.
11.7 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer to the extent that the Customer is covered by any policy of insurance arranged as a result of the Contract and the Customer shall ensure that the Customer’s insurers waive any and all rights of subrogation they may have against Skipandwaste.com.
11.8 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any:-
11.8.1 Consequential losses (including loss of profits and/or damage to goodwill and/or reputation);
11.8.2 Economic and/or other similar losses;
11.8.3 Special damages and indirect losses; and/or
11.8.4 Business interruption, loss of business, contracts and/or opportunity.

11.9 Skipandwaste.com’s total Liability to the Customer under and/or arising in relation to any Contract shall not exceed 5 times the amount of the Rental and charges for Services (if any) under that Contract or the sum of £1,000 whichever is the higher. To the extent that any Liability of Skipandwaste.com to the Customer would be met by any insurance of Skipandwaste.com, then the Liability of Skipandwaste.com shall be extended to the extent that such Liability is met by such insurance.

11.10 Each of the limitations and/or exclusions in this Contract shall be deemed to be repeated and apply as a separate provision for each of:
11.10.1 Liability for breach of contract;
11.10.2 Liability in tort (including negligence); and
11.10.3 Liability for breach of statutory and/or common law duty; except clause 11.9 above, which shall apply once only in respect of all the said types of Liability.

11.11 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit the Liability of Skipandwaste.com for death or personal injury due to Skipandwaste.com’s negligence, nor exclude or limit any other type of Liability which it is not permitted to exclude or limit as a matter of law.

12 GENERAL

12.1 Upon termination of the Contract the provisions of clauses 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 and Section 6 shall continue in full force and effect.

12.2 Each hire of an item of Hire Goods shall form a distinct Contract which shall be separate to any other Contract relating to other Hire Goods.

12.3 The Customer shall be liable for the acts and/or omissions of its employees, agents, servants and/or subcontractors as though they were its own acts and/or omissions under this Contract.

12.4 The Customer agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified Skipandwaste.com against any and all losses, lost profits, damages, claims, costs (including legal costs on a full indemnity basis), actions and any other losses and/or liabilities suffered by the Supplier and arising from or due to any breach of contract, any tortuous act and/or omission and/or any breach of statutory duty by the Customer.

12.5 No waiver by Skipandwaste.com of any breach of this Contract shall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same provision, or any other provision. If any provision is held by any relevant competent authority to be part of the validity of the other provisions of this Contract and the remainder of the affected provision shall be unaffected and shall remain in full force and effect.

12.6 Skipandwaste.com shall have no Liability to the Customer for any delay and/or non-performance of a Contract to the extent that such delay is due to any Force Majeure events. If Skipandwaste.com is affected by any such event then time for performance shall be extended for a period equal to the period that such event or events delayed such performance.

12.7 All third party rights are excluded and no third parties shall have any rights to enforce the Contract.

This shall not apply to any finance company with whom Skipandwaste.com has an outstanding finance agreement relating to the Hire Goods. Such finance company shall, subject to Skipandwaste.com’s consent, have the right to enforce this Contract as if they were the Supplier. This Contract is governed by and interpreted in accordance with English law and the parties agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.

13 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS

13.1 Skipandwaste.com may insert and present for payment any balance due and unpaid where the Customer has signed a blank or nil value debit or credit card voucher. The Supplier may also process interim payments by credit or debit card at any stage of the Contract.